The exercise-induced suppression of acylated ghrelin is blunted in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle compared to the follicular phase following vigorous-intensity exercise

Interleukin‐6 is not involved in appetite regulation following moderate‐intensity exercise in males with normal weight and obesity

“…Despite the rigorous study design and importance/novelty of investigations in these groups surrounding exercise, there are limitations to consider when interpreting our findings. Only males participated in the current study given known sex differences in appetite peptides [24,25] and IL-6 [39]; therefore, future female investigations are required. In addition, sleep duration and quality between sessions were not controlled, which is known to influence appetite peptide concentrations [35].…”

“…OB was classified based on body mass index (BMI; ≥30 kg/m 2 ), and the sedentary classification (i.e., ≤150 minutes of moderate‐vigorous physical activity/week) was determined by the Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire [23]. Males were selectively recruited based on evidence suggesting menstrual cycle effects and differential sex‐based responses on appetite regulation [24, 25].…”

“…Subjective appetite perceptions were measured using a visual analog scale for perceptions of hunger (i.e., “How hungry do you feel?”), fullness (i.e., “How full do you feel?”), satisfaction (i.e., “How satisfied do you feel?”), and prospective energy intake (i.e., “How much do you think you could eat?”) on a 100 mm scale anchored with contrasting statements as previously validated in males [17, 27, 29]. An overall appetite rating was quantified as the mean value of the four appetite ratings after inverting satisfaction and fullness values [17, 24, 27].…”

“…Males were selectively recruited based on evidence suggesting menstrual cycle effects and differential sex-based responses on appetite regulation [24,25].…”

“…on a 100 mm scale anchored with contrasting statements as previously validated in males [17,27,29]. An overall appetite rating was quantified as the mean value of the four appetite ratings after inverting satisfaction and fullness values [17,24,27].…”