The exercised skeletal muscle: a review

Abstract

The skeletal muscle is the second more plastic tissue of the body -second to the nervous tissue only. In fact, both physical activity and inactivity contribute to modify the skeletal muscle, by continuous signaling through nerve impulses, mechanical stimuli and humoral clues. In turn, the skeletal muscle sends signals to the body, thus contributing to its homeostasis. We'll review here the contribute of physical exercise to the shaping of skeletal muscle, to the adaptation of its mass and function to the different needs imposed by different physical activities and to the attainment of the health benefits associated with active skeletal muscles. Focus will primarily be on the molecular pathways and on gene regulation that result in skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise.

Cordyceps sinensis promotes exercise endurance capacity of rats by activating skeletal muscle metabolic regulators

“…Previous studies suggest that CordyMax Cs-4 supplementation effectively lowers basal blood glucose and plasma insulin, improves glucose metabolism by enhancing insulin sensitivity (Zhao et al, 2002) supporting the current findings. The skeletal muscle capillary supply is an important determinant of maximum exercise capacity, and endurance exercise training increases the muscle capillary supply by VEGF (Marini and Veicsteinas, 2010). We observed higher expression levels of VEGF in both the CS supplemented (CSS and CSS + E) groups along with the exercise group (Fig.…”

Effect of high-load and high-volume resistance exercise on the tensiomyographic twitch response of biceps brachii

“…Studies analyzing effects of fatigue on muscle mechanical response are far sparser (Böl et al 2011;Marini and Veicsteinas, 2010).…”

Determination of perimysial and fascicular diameters of triceps brachii, biceps brachii and deltoid muscles in Zebu cattle and one-humped camels

“…This force may cause movement, but if the force is not greater than opposing forces either within the animal's body (i.e. from antagonist muscles) or acting externally on the animal's body (such as the force of gravity), no movement will then occur (Marini & Veicsteinas, 2010). Although out of the context of the present study, mechanical and heat energy are known to be generated from the chemical energy supplied as nutrients to muscles, if no movement results from the generation of a muscular force, then no mechanical work is done, and all the energy must be released as heat to adjacent muscle tissues, thus the recycling mechanism of energy within elastic tissues (Davies, 1997).…”