The expanded psychosocial model of racism: A new model for understanding and disrupting racism and white privilege.

Abstract

This definition replaces the concept of institutional with structural mechanisms of domination. The two concepts are interrelated. Whereas institutional racism refers to policies and practices within

Race-Related Stress and Racial Identity as Predictors of African American Activism

“…Specifically, our findings indicate that increased experiences with cultural race-related stress contributed to higher scores on Internalization Afrocentricity attitudes, which in turn was related to greater involvement in African American activism. Consistent with theory, these findings indicate that one form of resistance against cultural racism (e.g., conscious and unconscious messages about White superiority that privileges White cultural norms and denigrates Black culture; Jones, 1997;Neville et al, 2012) is through intentionally affirming a positive Afrocentric identity and getting involved in the Black community. For example, many African Americans are exposed to cultural racism (and thus experience cultural race-related stress) through exposure to media images that portray African Americans in stereotypical ways or as unattractive compared to European Americans.…”

“…However, the findings also revealed that when all three forms of race-related stress were examined concurrently (along with racial identity dimensions), only cultural race-related stress was a unique and significant predictor of African American activism. This finding is not surprising given that theoretical notions of cultural racism argue that it is the most pervasive type of racism that in turn influences the specific expressions of racism at the individual and institutional level (Neville, Spanierman, & Lewis, 2012). In addition, exposure to cultural racism (e.g., negative media images of African Americans) might be more frequent than encounters with institutional race-related stress (as evidenced by the means reported in our study; see Table 1), which might explain why institutional race-related stress was not a unique predictor of involvement in African American activism in the simultaneous regression model.…”

A theoretical overview of the impact of racism on people of color.

“…internalized racial oppression is an insidious process that, although not within the individual's awareness, exerts a detrimental influence on an individual's heath and sense of well-being (Pyke, 2010). Finally, with the exception of the psychosocial model of racism (neville & Pieterse, 2009;neville et al, 2012), none of the models incorporate resisting racism as a central aspect of how racism shapes the lives of people of color. in not centralizing resistance and empowerment, the models therefore present an incomplete picture of the manner in which racism influences the life experiences of people of color.…”

Racial Microaggressions and Sense of Belonging at a Historically White University

“…Specifically, Solórzano’s (1998) research on racial microaggressions in higher education is considered foundational work that applied CRT to higher education. Within the field of psychology, scholarship on racism was initially focused on individual racism and prejudice (e.g., Allport, 1954; Clark, 1955; Jones, 1972), but has been broadened to focus on the impact between micro-level (individual) and macro-level (institutional, structural) manifestations of racism (Jones, 1997; Neville, Spanierman, & Lewis, 2012; Thompson & Neville, 1999). For example, Neville et al (2012) developed a psychosocial model of racism, which articulates the link between racist structure and ideology as the macro-level factors that shape institutional (e.g., economic, legal, health), cultural (e.g., aesthetics, values, art), interpersonal (racial microaggressions), and individual racism (e.g., prejudicial attitudes and beliefs).…”