The Expanding Antibiotic Resistance: The Requirement of New Therapeutic Strategy for the Development of New Anti-Infective

Abstract

The spread of infectious diseases has increased, and without a doubt, the incorrect use and excessive use of antibiotics for human consumption, animal husbandry, and agriculture have been effective in the emergence of new infections and increased resistance to antibiotic treatment. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, such as biofilms, efflux pumps, and mutations in microorganisms, are some of the methods used by microorganisms to escape the host’s immune system and develop antibiotic resistance in them. Our strategy for treatment should also be tailored to the adaptations made by microorganisms. We must look for new approaches to deal with pathogenic agents, new methods for treatment, as well as dealing with antibiotic resistance in them. Antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticles, and bacteriophage therapy in dealing with antibiotic resistance. In this chapter, we highlight the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and new approaches to deal with pathogens, and new methods for treatment.