The expanding epidemic of HIV-1 in the Russian Federation

Beyrer, Chris; Wirtz, Andrea L.; O’Hara, George; Léon, Nolwenn; Kazatchkine, Michel D.

doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002462

Cited by 97 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This study provides a comprehensive description of the Southern Russian HIV-1 epidemiology using samples obtained from 303 patients attending the major treatment centres in the Russian Southern Federal District. These data complement previous reports conducted in different Russian regions and with different epidemiological parameters [2,4,25]. The limited number of patients and the predominance of older patients in this study compared to others from West/Central Europe and North America (http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance.html) is attributable to the high HIV unawareness and reduced accessibility to HIV care in Russia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Yet, 25% of our samples with unknown transmission route were classified as subtype B, suggesting that they may indeed represent cases of withheld MSM transmission. Underrepresentation of MSM in epidemiological analyses is indeed expected as marked social discrimination complicates their enrolment in clinical studies and, upon inclusion, some of them may report a different transmission route, mostly heterosexual [2,3,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Eastern Europe and Central Asia showed an alarming increase in annual infection rates of 29% between 2010-2018 [1]. Russia, with over 1.16 million estimated infections by mid-2017 [2,3], is also one of the countries accounting for 89% of all new HIV infections worldwide. However accurate, global Russian data are scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

HIV-1 Sub-Subtype A6: Settings for Normalised Identification and Molecular Epidemiology in the Southern Federal District, Russia

Schlösser

Kartashev

Mikkola

et al. 2020

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Russia has one of the largest and fastest growing HIV epidemics. However, epidemiological data are scarce. Sub-subtype A6 is most prevalent in Russia but its identification is challenging. We analysed protease/reverse transcriptase-, integrase-sequences, and epidemiological data from 303 patients to develop a methodology for the systematisation of A6 identification and to describe the HIV epidemiology in the Russian Southern Federal District. Drug consumption (32.0%) and heterosexual contact (27.1%) were the major reported transmission risks. This study successfully established the settings for systematic identification of A6 samples. Low frequency of subtype B (3.3%) and large prevalence of sub-subtype A6 (69.6%) and subtype G (23.4%) were detected. Transmitted PI- (8.8%) and NRTI-resistance (6.4%) were detected in therapy-naive patients. In therapy-experienced patients, 17.3% of the isolates showed resistance to PIs, 50.0% to NRTI, 39.2% to NNRTIs, and 9.5% to INSTIs. Multiresistance was identified in 52 isolates, 40 corresponding to two-class resistance and seven to three-class resistance. Two resistance-associated-mutations significantly associated to sub-subtype A6 samples: A62VRT and G190SRT. This study establishes the conditions for a systematic annotation of sub-subtype A6 to normalise epidemiological studies. Accurate knowledge on South Russian epidemiology will allow for the development of efficient regional frameworks for HIV-1 infection management.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

HIV-1 Sub-Subtype A6: Settings for Normalised Identification and Molecular Epidemiology in the Southern Federal District, Russia

Schlösser

Kartashev

Mikkola

et al. 2020

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The last two decades have brought tremendous progress in the fight against HIV-1: the development of effective antiretroviral therapy (cART) has significantly decreased the number of new infections and HIV-related deaths in most parts of the world [1]. However, the pandemic continues to expand in other regions, such as Central Asia and Russia, and still poses one of the biggest threats to global health [2]. Furthermore, cART does not provide a cure for HIV-1 infection and eradication of HIV-1 will likely require an effective and broadspectrum prophylactic vaccine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for inducing effective neutralizing antibody responses against HIV-1

Moral-Sánchez

Sliepen

2019

Expert Review of Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Despite intensive research efforts, there is still no effective prophylactic vaccine available against HIV-1. Currently, substantial efforts are devoted to the development of vaccines aimed at inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), which are capable of neutralizing most HIV-1 strains. All bNAbs target the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env), but Env immunizations usually only induce neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the sequence-matched virus and not against other strains. Areas covered: We describe the different strategies that have been explored to improve the breadth and potency of anti-HIV-1 NAb responses. The discussed strategies include the application of engineered Env immunogens, optimization of (bNAb) epitopes, different cocktail and sequential vaccination strategies, nanoparticles and nucleic acid-based vaccines. Expert opinion: A combination of the strategies described in this review and future approaches are probably needed to develop an effective HIV-1 vaccine that can induce broad, potent and long-lasting NAb responses.

show abstract

“…28 Russia with already one of the highest rate of HIV infection, is one of the few countries where HIV incidences increasing. 29 Of the estimated 900,000-2000,000 people living with HIV(PLWH)in Russia, 30,31 up to 80% are PWID, 32 and 47%of new HIV cases with a mode of transmission, are among PWID. 30 Thus need for slowing HIV transmission among PWID in Russia is needed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2016

JHVRV

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although preexposure prophylaxis (Pr EP), which involves use of antiretroviral drugs by non infected individuals for prevention of acquisition of HIV, has been a promising prevention strategy there are still some public health questions that need an answer. Intake of oral emtricitabine (FTC)-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) daily or oral TDF alone is highly effective in preventing HIV acquisition in HIV people at risk which might be the result of a wide range of different types of sexual exposure. Good efficacy has been seen both in women and men along with if men had sex with men (MSM) and transgender. Different studies have been conducted in various countries and epidemics. Because there is a big problem about adherence to this treatment which varies geographically questions about its public health benefit have been raised. Oral FTC/TDF has been found to be very safe, having, minimal impact on kidney, bone or pregnancy outcomes. No evidence is found that effectiveness is decreased by risk compensation outcomes and programmatic follow up. Still it is very early to assess the impact of this treatment on the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) at population level. There are many challenges on use of PrEP with limited access with disparities along with those decided by race and sex, along with different pricing and availability of the drugs in the country. Further social effects decide the use of this TDF alone or TDF/FTC. With regard to that newer drugs like cabotegavir are being explored. Aim of this mini review has been to find a way how this Pr EP can be fully utilized for HIV prevention world over.

show abstract

The expanding epidemic of HIV-1 in the Russian Federation

Abstract: In a Perspective, Chris Beyrer and coauthors discuss the threat of HIV to health in the Russian Federation.

Cited by 97 publications

References 13 publications

HIV-1 Sub-Subtype A6: Settings for Normalised Identification and Molecular Epidemiology in the Southern Federal District, Russia

HIV-1 Sub-Subtype A6: Settings for Normalised Identification and Molecular Epidemiology in the Southern Federal District, Russia

Strategies for inducing effective neutralizing antibody responses against HIV-1

Untitled

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About