The Expanding Field of Mammalian Astroviruses: Opportunities and Challenges in Clinical Virology

Boujon, Céline Louise; Koch, Michel C.; Seuberlich, Torsten

doi:10.1016/bs.aivir.2017.07.002

Cited by 34 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…Based on our knowledge of the natural hosts of the astroviruses and caliciviruses 15,41 , we have performed viral isolation attempts using Vero and UMNSAH/DF-1, which are classical for mammal viruses and standard cell line of bird, respectively. Unfortunately, our attempts to isolate both RtAstV and RCTV were unsuccessful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of novel astrovirus and calicivirus identified in ruddy turnstones in Brazil

Souza

Fumagalli

Araújo

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Birds are the natural reservoir of viruses with zoonotic potential, as well as contributing to the evolution, emergence, and dissemination of novel viruses. In this study, we applied a high-throughput screening approach to identify the diversity of viruses in 118 samples of birds captured between October 2006 to October 2010 in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. We found nearly complete genomes of novel species of astrovirus and calicivirus in cloacal swabs of ruddy turnstones ( Arenaria interpres ) collected in Coroa do Avião islet, Pernambuco State. These viruses are positive-sense single-stranded RNA with a genome of ~7 to 8 kb, and were designated as Ruddy turnstone astrovirus (RtAstV) and Ruddy turnstone calicivirus (RTCV), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RtAstV and RTCV grouped in a monophyletic clade with viruses identified from poultry samples (i.e., chicken, goose, and turkey), including viruses associated with acute nephritis in chickens. Attempts of viral propagation in monkey and chicken cell lines for both viruses were unsuccessful. Also, we found genomes related with viral families that infect invertebrates and plants, suggesting that they might be ingested in the birds’ diet. In sum, these findings shed new light on the diversity of viruses in migratory birds with the notable characterization of a novel astrovirus and calicivirus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of novel astrovirus and calicivirus identified in ruddy turnstones in Brazil

Souza

Fumagalli

Araújo

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…According to the affected host class, two astrovirus genera were established: Mamastroviruses (MAstV) representing genotype species affecting mammalian species and Avastroviruses (AAstV) containing those viruses found in avian species. Due to the availability of high throughput next-generation-sequencing (NGS) technologies and the use of broadly reactive panastrovirus RT-PCR protocols, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of astroviruses discovered in diverse species during the last years (Boujon et al 2017a). Astroviruses were first described in 1975 in a human stool sample (Appleton & Higgins 1975;Madeley & Cosgrove 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, in ovine astroviruses, little is known about their diversity. Ovine astrovirus 1 belongs to Mamastrovirus 13 and is the only enterotropic astrovirus closely related to neurotropic strains, but their exact taxonomy is still pending (Boujon et al 2017a). Based on phylogenetic analyses of different viral strains of bovine, ovine and porcine origin, further evidence of possible interspecies transmission could be found (Donato & Vijaykrishna 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Discovery of novel astrovirus genotype species in small ruminants (v0.2)"

2019

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Astroviruses are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses, best known for causing diarrhea in humans and are also found in many other mammals; in those, the relevance in gastroenteritis remains unclear. Recently described neurotropic astroviruses showed associations with encephalitis in humans as well as in other mammals. In Switzerland, two different neurotropic astroviruses were identified in cattle, as well as one in a sheep. The high genetic similarity between the ovine and one of the bovine astroviruses strengthens the hypothesis of an interspecies transmission. In humans, astroviruses associated with encephalitis were found also in human stool samples, suggesting that in these patients the infection spreads from the gastrointestinal tract to the brain under certain conditions, such as immunosuppression. Whether a similar pathogenesis occurs in ruminants remains unknown. The aims of this study were 1) the investigation of the potential occurrence of neurotropic astroviruses in feces samples, 2) the discovery and analysis of so far unknown astroviruses in small ruminants and other ruminant species' fecal samples and 3) the examination of a potential interspecies transmission of astroviruses. To achieve the aims, RNA extraction out of 164 fecal samples from different ruminant species was performed and all samples were screened for known neurotropic astroviruses occurring in Switzerland, as well as for various astroviruses using RT-PCR. Positive tested samples were submitted to next generation sequencing (NGS). The generated sequences were compared to nucleotide-and amino acid databases, virus properties were identified, and phylogenetic analyses as well as recombination analysis were performed. The excretion of neurotropic astroviruses in small ruminants' feces could not be demonstrated, but this work suggests the first identification of astroviruses in goats as well as the discovery of multiple and highly diverse new genetic variants in small ruminants, which lead to a classification into novel genotype-species. Additionally, the prediction of multiple recombination events in four of five newly discovered full or almost full-length genome

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“…In infants, infections with classical human astroviruses are among the main causes of diarrhea; however, intestinal astrovirus infections in mammalian animal species oftentimes remain subclinical and do not cause pathological changes in the host 1 . Using broadly reactive pan-astrovirus RT-PCR protocols and next–generation sequencing-based viral metagenomics, the spectrum of known astrovirus genotype species and related pathologies has remarkably expanded over the past decade 2 . Novel astroviruses have been found in association with encephalitis and neurological disease in mink 3 , humans 4 , cattle 5 – 8 sheep 9 , 10 and pigs 11 – 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Novel astroviruses have been found in association with encephalitis and neurological disease in mink 3 , humans 4 , cattle 5 – 8 sheep 9 , 10 and pigs 11 – 13 . Most of these encephalitis-associated strains are phylogenetically related, belong to the so-called human-mink-ovine (HMO)-like astrovirus cluster and show less than 50% sequence similarity of structural and nonstructural viral proteins compared to the classical, gut-associated astrovirus strains 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate and precise real-time RT-PCR assays for the identification of astrovirus associated encephalitis in cattle

Lüthi

Boujon

Kauer

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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A novel bovine astrovirus genotype species (BoAstV-CH13/NeuroS1) was recently identified in brain tissues of cattle as a plausible cause of encephalitis. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate real time RT-PCR assays for the detection of BoAstV-CH13/NeuroS1 in brain tissues of cattle. Three different primer-probe combinations were designed based on BoAstV-CH13/NeuroS1 full-genome sequences of 11 different strains identified in cattle, and established in three distinct one-step real time RT-PCR protocols. These protocols were compared regarding their diagnostic performance using brain tissues of cattle with and without astrovirus associated encephalitis. The limit of detection (LOD) of all three assays was between 1.34 × 101 and 1.34 × 102 RNA copies, leading to an analytical sensitivity two orders of magnitude superior compared to a conventional pan-astrovirus RT-PCR protocol (LOD 1.31 × 104 RNA copies). Amplification efficiency was in the range of 97.3% to 107.5% with linearity (R2) > 0.99. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the assays was determined as 100%, and all three revealed good intra- and inter-test repeatability. In conclusion, the newly developed RT-qPCRs are sensitive, specific, and reliable test formats that will facilitate BoAstV-CH13/NeuroS1 detection in routine diagnostics as well as in research settings.

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The Expanding Field of Mammalian Astroviruses: Opportunities and Challenges in Clinical Virology

Cited by 34 publications

References 144 publications

Discovery of novel astrovirus and calicivirus identified in ruddy turnstones in Brazil

Discovery of novel astrovirus and calicivirus identified in ruddy turnstones in Brazil

Peer Review #1 of "Discovery of novel astrovirus genotype species in small ruminants (v0.2)"

Accurate and precise real-time RT-PCR assays for the identification of astrovirus associated encephalitis in cattle

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