The Expansion Route of Ryegrasses (Lolium spp.) into Sandy Coasts in Japan

Higuchi, Yumiko; Shimono, Yoshiko; Tominaga, Tohru

doi:10.1017/inp.2017.1

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…However, although the morphological characteristics of L. multiflorum and L. perenne cultivated in this study matched the taxonomic description of both species in Osada (), the morphology of SP did not match existing descriptions. Our previous study suggested that individuals of the outcrossing Lolium species growing on several coasts were genetically and morphologically different to those growing in adjacent paddy fields where L. multiflorum usually grows, but were similar to those growing around adjacent international seaports (Higuchi, Shimono, & Tominaga, ). This previous study used the same genetic markers and morphological characteristics as the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reproductive biology and genetic population structure of two alien Lolium species inhabiting the sandy coasts of Japan

Higuchi

Shimono

Tominaga

2019

Plant Species Biology

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Understanding the characteristics of alien species is a prerequisite for any biological study or anti‐invasion management strategy. Lolium rigidum (Poaceae) is an alien species that has become naturalized on the sandy coasts of Japan; however, it exhibits extensive morphological variation, leading to speculation that several taxa of Lolium have become naturalized. Here, we compared the morphology, reproductive biology and genetic structure of this Lolium species by growing individuals from different locations in the same environment to clarify whether the observed morphological variation is genetically based or is caused by intraspecific variation as a result of environmental differences. Principle component analyses of 11 morphological traits separated the study species into two types. Bagging experiments showed that one type exhibited an outcrossing life history, whereas the other type selfed exclusively. Nuclear DNA microsatellite analyses supported this distinction between these morphological types, with no intermediate individuals being found. The outcrossing type exhibited high genetic diversity, whereas the selfing type exhibited almost no polymorphism, reflecting the differences in their breeding systems. Moreover, both types differed from the economically important outcrossing species Lolium multiflorum and Lolium perenne. These two types of Lolium are expected to have different introduction histories and invasive potential on the coasts of Japan. In conclusion, it is important to distinguish between these types through additional biological studies to design effective control measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reproductive biology and genetic population structure of two alien Lolium species inhabiting the sandy coasts of Japan

Higuchi

Shimono

Tominaga

2019

Plant Species Biology

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“…Lolium species have naturalised in human-created open areas, such as croplands, abandoned land and roadsides throughout Japan. They are also distributed along the sandy coast of Japan (Higuchi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lolium species have naturalised in human‐created open areas, such as croplands, abandoned land and roadsides throughout Japan. They are also distributed along the sandy coast of Japan (Higuchi et al., 2017). Abiotic stresses, such as high salinity, sand burial and wind abrasion (Lowry et al., 2008; Ogura & Yura, 2008; Wilson & Sykes, 1999), which are distinctively different from other habitats, are important selective forces on sandy coasts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abiotic stresses, such as high salinity, sand burial and wind abrasion (Lowry et al., 2008; Ogura & Yura, 2008; Wilson & Sykes, 1999), which are distinctively different from other habitats, are important selective forces on sandy coasts. Previous studies have suggested that individuals in croplands are derived from forage, whereas those on sandy coasts are derived from contaminants (Higuchi et al., 2017). Commercial cultivars of Lolium species are deliberately sown in pasturelands, riverbanks and bare ground after road repairs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction pathways and evolutionary mechanisms of alien species of Lolium spreading across sandy coasts in Japan

Hirata,

Higuchi,

Matsuo

et al. 2023

Journal of Ecology

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Estimating the role of specific processes in the spread of alien species necessitates the determination of introduction pathways and source populations of invaded areas. Alien grasses in the genus Lolium that have extensively invaded Japan provide a unique opportunity to estimate the expansion process through direct comparison between source and naturalised populations because the introduction pathways, contaminants in grain commodities and commercial cultivars for fodder crops or revegetation materials are well‐known. Therefore, by directly comparing source and naturalised populations, we estimated the introduction pathways and whether adaptative evolution occurred in Lolium species on sandy coasts in Japan. Lolium individuals sampled from naturalised populations in croplands, seaports, and sandy coasts were compared with those from two introduction sources for morphological and genetic variations based on a genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism analysis and a common garden experiment. Furthermore, we conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment between cropland and sandy coast. Populations naturalised in croplands were closely related to the cultivars, whereas those naturalised in seaports and sandy coasts were associated with contaminants. These results indicate that the cropland and sandy coast populations are derived from cultivars and contaminants, respectively. In addition, asymmetric gene flow from cropland populations to sandy coast populations was observed. The reciprocal transplant experiment clearly demonstrated the home site advantage; populations derived from croplands yielded higher floret numbers than those derived from other habitats at the cropland site; sandy coast populations had higher survival rates than those from croplands at the coastal site. Port populations exhibited a similar tendency as sandy coast populations, indicating that contaminants may be originally adapted to salty and dry environments, such as that in sandy coasts. The flowering phenology in the sandy coast populations evolved in the late flowering; therefore, late flowering alleles may have been transferred from cropland populations to sandy coast populations. Synthesis. We demonstrated that two congeneric species with different ecological characteristics were introduced through multiple introduction pathways and spread across different habitats. A direct comparison between source and naturalised populations can considerably elucidate the patterns and processes of biological invasions.

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“…These weed seeds spill out of grain commodities during unloading, transportation, and usage, and some of them establish successfully (Shimono et al 2015). Moreover, some species derived from grain commodities have become problematic weeds in farmlands and natural habitats (Kurokawa et al 2004;Lehan et al 2013;Higuchi et al 2017). Therefore, the assessment of the role of weed seeds in imported grain commodities as propagule pressure can provide basic information for effective weed management practices and prevention measures for the further introduction of alien species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of weed seed contamination in grain commodities as propagule pressure

Ikeda

Nishi

Asai³

et al. 2022

Biol Invasions

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The international grain trade is a major pathway for the introduction of alien plants because grain commodities can be contaminated with various weed seeds. To evaluate how alien weed seeds derived from imported grain commodities affect local vegetation in international trading ports, we conducted a vegetation survey on a set of grain landing ports and non-grain landing ports in nine regions throughout Japan to compare the vegetation between these two types of ports. We also surveyed weed seed contamination of wheat imported into Japan, and the contamination rate was calculated for each species based on our survey and previous studies on weed seed contamination. The vegetation clearly differed between the grain landing ports and the non-grain ports. In the grain landing ports, alien species were more abundant than in non-grain landing ports. All indicator species of the grain landing ports were reported to be contaminants in grain commodities. Furthermore, there was a tendency for the more abundant species at the grain landing ports to show higher contamination rates in grain commodities.These results indicate that contaminant seeds spill from imported grain in grain landing ports, and highly contaminated species are likely to become established. We clearly show that weed seed contamination in grain commodities plays an important role in propagule pressure. Gathering information about the prevalence of weeds in grain-exporting countries and monitoring the weed species composition in imported grain commodities is becoming increasingly important for predicting the unintentional introduction of troublesome weeds and identifying effective weed management options.

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The Expansion Route of Ryegrasses (Lolium spp.) into Sandy Coasts in Japan

Cited by 6 publications

References 61 publications

Reproductive biology and genetic population structure of two alien Lolium species inhabiting the sandy coasts of Japan

Reproductive biology and genetic population structure of two alien Lolium species inhabiting the sandy coasts of Japan

Introduction pathways and evolutionary mechanisms of alien species of Lolium spreading across sandy coasts in Japan

The role of weed seed contamination in grain commodities as propagule pressure

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