The experience of hospital-related fears of 4- to 6-year-old children

Salmela, Marja; Aronen, Eeva T.; Salanterä, Sanna

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01171.x

Cited by 75 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The principle of respect for autonomy asserts that physicians must respect their patients' decision-making capacities and involve patients in their own care by providing information, choices, and control [2]. Children in the acute care setting commonly report feeling lack of control over what is happening to them [21,22], which increases the potential for a challenging medical event to be experienced as traumatic. The legal capacity to consent to treatment generally falls to a child's parents or guardians, who are the primary decision makers throughout the course of pediatric medical care [23].…”

Section: Practice Standards and The Ethical Case For Trauma-informed mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the use of pain management strategies, during their hospital admission many children experience pain that is not well controlled [26]. Many medically necessary procedures can be perceived as frightening by young patients, and children in acute care settings are often exposed to sights and sounds that can frighten them (e.g., machines, alarms, and other patients' pain or distress) [21,22].…”

Section: Practice Standards and The Ethical Case For Trauma-informed mentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Do Clinicians Caring for Children Need to Know about Pediatric Medical Traumatic Stress and the Ethics of Trauma-Informed Approaches?

Kassam‐Adams¹,

Butler

2017

AMA Journal of Ethics

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Medical experiences can be frightening and traumatic for children. Ill and injured children can experience pediatric medical traumatic stresspsychological and physiological distress responses related to their medical event and subsequent medical treatment experiences-which can lead to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suboptimal health outcomes. Trauma-informed care provides a framework for acknowledging, addressing, and mitigating the risks of psychological trauma associated with medical treatment experiences and is congruent with the ethical principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. Health care systems and professionals are encouraged to apply the principles of trauma-informed care to address the effects of pediatric medical traumatic stress. IntroductionFor the sick or injured child, being treated in the emergency department (ED) or admitted to the hospital can be a frightening and confusing experience that leads to subsequent psychological distress [1]. Experiencing pain, feeling helpless and out of control, and being separated from one's parents are all factors that contribute to the potentially traumatic nature of medical events. How does a physician's ethical obligation to "first, do no harm" square with the prospect of providing a therapeutically necessary procedure for a frightened child who does not understand what is being done and why? How do we understand the ethical issues involved when a medically beneficial course of treatment for a pediatric patient also has the potential to engender stress, fear, anxiety, pain, or discomfort for this child? In this brief review, we first describe two concepts that are key to understanding and addressing the psychological distress that can affect ill and injured children: pediatric medical traumatic stress and trauma-informed pediatric care. We then discuss four core principles of medical ethics (respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice [2]) and explain how the application of these principles underscores the need for trauma-informed care.

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Section: Practice Standards and The Ethical Case For Trauma-informed mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Practice Standards and The Ethical Case For Trauma-informed mentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do Clinicians Caring for Children Need to Know about Pediatric Medical Traumatic Stress and the Ethics of Trauma-Informed Approaches?

Kassam‐Adams¹,

Butler

2017

AMA Journal of Ethics

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“…Children of all ages reported fear of pain (needles) and procedures (Carney et al, 2003;Koening, Chesla, & Kennedy, 2003;Lindke, Nakai, & Johnson, 2006;Salmela, Salanterä, & Aronen, 2009;.…”

Section: Picu Environment Stressors and Memoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research indicates the most common fears are related to pain and nursing procedures (Carney et al, 2003;Lindke et al, 2006). Preschool aged children experience common developmental fears such as fear of darkness, separation from parents, and being exposed to unfamiliar people (Salmela et al, 2009). Older hospitalized children have reported fears related to nursing procedures (Koening et al, 2003;Salmela et al, 2009), strange environments, equipment, pain Salmela et al, 2009), lack of privacy and discretion, restricted free will, rejection, bodily injury , injections and needles (Salmela et al, 2009).…”

Section: Fearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Older hospitalized children have reported fears related to nursing procedures (Koening et al, 2003;Salmela et al, 2009), strange environments, equipment, pain Salmela et al, 2009), lack of privacy and discretion, restricted free will, rejection, bodily injury , injections and needles (Salmela et al, 2009). Unrealistic fears, lack of information, surgery, and disease symptoms have also been identified as fear provoking Salmela et al, 2009). …”

Section: Fearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hearing the Child's Voice: Their Lived Experience in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Prentiss¹

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All rights reserved.iv DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to those hospitalized children who were willing to share their stories with me. This work was possible because of them. To Ryan, Evan, Anna, and Valerie -thank you for listening, encouraging, and understanding when work came before play. I would also like to dedicate this work to my good friend and colleague, Eve Butler. Thank you for paving the way and providing such encouragement and support.To my mom, thank you for driving me home, listening to my stories, and centering me. You have always been my biggest cheerleader and fan. Thank you for believing in me, sometimes more than I believed in myself. We do not need to scratch the 2014 date off the mugs! I love you so much. Aims: The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate school age children's and adolescents' perceptions of PICU while in the PICU; changes in perceptions after transfer to the General Care Unit (GCU); differences in perceptions of school age children/adolescents and those with more invasive procedures.Methods: Interviews were conducted in PICU within 24-48 hours of admission and 24-48 hours after transfer to GCU. Data on demographics, clinical care and number/types of procedures were obtained.Results: Participants were 7 school age children, 13 adolescents; 10 Hispanic; 13 males.

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Young children’s experiences of support when fearful during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia—A longitudinal interview study

Leibring

Anderzén‐Carlsson

2021

Nursing Open

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Fear is common in sick children who interact with the healthcare system, and children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) are no exception. Perhaps their fear is unavoidable, yet all children have the right to adequate support in managing their situation.Such support can be especially important during a long, unpleasant course of treatment. This study focuses on the types of support from healthcare professionals and parents that 5-to-9-year-old children with ALL report as helping them when they feel scared.Age and development are associated with how children express hospital-related experiences (Lindeke et al., 2006). Although older children might have better verbal skills, younger children can also express their fear in practice and in research (Kassa et al., 2017;

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The experience of hospital-related fears of 4- to 6-year-old children

Cited by 75 publications

References 48 publications

What Do Clinicians Caring for Children Need to Know about Pediatric Medical Traumatic Stress and the Ethics of Trauma-Informed Approaches?

What Do Clinicians Caring for Children Need to Know about Pediatric Medical Traumatic Stress and the Ethics of Trauma-Informed Approaches?

Hearing the Child's Voice: Their Lived Experience in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Young children’s experiences of support when fearful during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia—A longitudinal interview study

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