The Experience of Korean American First Born or Only Sons in the United States: Privilege or Burden?

Kim, Heesoo Karina

doi:10.1037/e573292012-017

Cited by 3 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with Asian culture’s emphasis on deference to parents and filial piety, research has demonstrated that parents play a significant role in AAs’ occupational choices (Kim, 2013; Loo, 2005; Qin, 2011; Roysircar, Carey, & Koroma, 2010). For example, AAs often reported experiencing parental pressure toward pursuing prestigious and high salary occupations (i.e., stereotypical occupations; Kim, 2013; Roysircar et al, 2010). They also indicated that parental support (e.g., financial and emotional support) had a significant yet distinct effect from parental pressure on their occupational choices (Fouad et al, 2008; Loo, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Among the life, physical, and social science occupations, AAs represent from 13.6% to 33.3% of biological, medical, and chemical or material scientists compared with only 3.2% of psychologists. Thus, AAs may be restricted in their range of occupational choices (Kim, 2013; Liu, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…They also indicated that parental support (e.g., financial and emotional support) had a significant yet distinct effect from parental pressure on their occupational choices (Fouad et al, 2008; Loo, 2005). Empirical evidence also suggests AAs may strive to live up to parental expectations by choosing occupations that align with these expectations (Fouad et al, 2008; Kim, 2013; Leong & Chou, 1994; Loo, 2005; Roysircar et al, 2010). Collectively, these findings suggest that parental pressure, parental support, and a desire to live up to parental expectations may be important culturally relevant variables in understanding AAs’ self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and interests in stereotypical occupations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Parental pressure and support toward Asian Americans’ self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and interests in stereotypical occupations: Living up to parental expectations and internalized stereotyping as mediators.

Shen¹,

Liao²,

Abraham³

et al. 2014

Journal of Counseling Psychology

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This study examined whether living up to parental expectations and internalized stereotyping (i.e., internalizing Asian American stereotypes) mediated the impact of parental pressure and support on occupational outcomes (i.e., self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and interests in stereotypical occupations) among 229 Asian American students from universities nationwide. Results indicated that living up to parental expectations and internalized stereotyping partially mediated the associations between parental pressure and these 3 occupational outcomes. In addition, living up to parental expectations fully mediated the associations between parental support and the 3 occupational outcomes, but internalized stereotyping did not. The results demonstrated the differential role of parental pressure and parental support as well as the mediating role of living up to parental expectations and internalized stereotyping in Asian Americans' occupational outcomes. Future research directions and clinical implications are discussed.

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confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Parental pressure and support toward Asian Americans’ self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and interests in stereotypical occupations: Living up to parental expectations and internalized stereotyping as mediators.

Shen¹,

Liao²,

Abraham³

et al. 2014

Journal of Counseling Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…"Special" status might, however, bring unique pressures and self-esteem needs as cautioned by Adler (1935) and others (Eckstein et al, 2010;Kim, 2013). Adjustment difficulties in response to perceived criticism, rejection, threat, or abuse might be magnified among firstborn or only children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Kim (2013) recently concluded through a qualitative analysis that the firstborn "privileges" of Korean Americans were indeed tempered by the pressure of high expectations. A recent review of 200 birth order studies found evidence of firstborn traits such as dependence on the approval of others, vulnerability to stress, fearfulness in new situations, egocentricism, and disturbing dream content that might suggest higher relative difficulties in adapting to less-than-optimal developmental challenges (Eckstein et al, 2010).…”

Section: Firstborn Advantages and Vulnerabilities?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Childhood Physical Abuse and Sociopathy: Is This Link Magnified among Firstborn Children?

King

2014

Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma

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The Psychopathic Deviate scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) provides a valid psychometric index of sociopathic tendencies in both clinical and nonclinical samples. Childhood physical abuse has provided a robust predictor of sociopathic penchants. The link between childhood physical abuse and MMPI-2 Psychopathic Deviate scores was examined ( N = 322) as a function of birth order. A significant childhood physical abuse by birth order interaction was found ( p < .0001, η 2 = .62) with a 6-fold increase in relative risk of a Psychopathic Deviate elevation (T > 70) found for firstborn participants. Childhood physical abuse predicted Psychopathic Deviate scores for firstborn ( r = .50, p < .0001, d = 1.15) and middle-born ( r = .24, p = .006, d = .49) offspring. Harris-Lingoes subscale scores suggested firstborns felt selectively alienated from self and others in response to childhood physical abuse experiences.

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Exploring the Association of Language Brokering and Parent-Child Relationship in Korean Immigrant Families

Lee

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This study focuses on investigating the dynamics of language brokering as Korean immigrant families experience environmental challenges associated with immigration. This study was conducted with qualitative research design with purposive sampling of Korean immigrant families. Six parent-child dyads were recruited and participating children were between 12 to 16 years old. Semi-structured interviews were conducted separately with parents and children in either English or Korean. Thematic analysis was employed for analyzing the transcribed interviews. The Dedoose software program was applied to assist the coding process. 12 subthemes were revealed under four main themes, which were aligned to the study's research questions. The twelve subthemes included parents' dependence on children, vulnerability and resilience of Korean immigrant families, children's socioemotional development through language brokering, and the role of first-born daughter in the family. Parent and child responses indicated how language brokering affects can be a risk in relation to children's development (i.e., with responsibility of language brokering leading the child to experience stress or experience the responsibility of translation as a burden. Positively, respondents indicated that the parent and child experienced a greater sense of empathy for each other's roles. The results derived from this study were aligned with the results of previous research conducted in the field in that language brokering affects parent-child relationship and the socioemotional development of children. The study adds to the literature with the interviewing both parents and children, thereby hearing both perspectives and experiences of parents and children on language brokering and parent-child relationships could be obtained. This study targeted Korean immigrant families since there is a lack in literature that have studied this population in relation to language brokering.

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The Experience of Korean American First Born or Only Sons in the United States: Privilege or Burden?

Abstract: of the Dissertation

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Parental pressure and support toward Asian Americans’ self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and interests in stereotypical occupations: Living up to parental expectations and internalized stereotyping as mediators.

Parental pressure and support toward Asian Americans’ self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and interests in stereotypical occupations: Living up to parental expectations and internalized stereotyping as mediators.

Childhood Physical Abuse and Sociopathy: Is This Link Magnified among Firstborn Children?

Exploring the Association of Language Brokering and Parent-Child Relationship in Korean Immigrant Families

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