The Experimental Basis of Idiopathic Scoliosis

Lawton, J. O.; Dickson, R. A.

doi:10.1097/01241398-198703000-00061

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Problems of further interpretation arise partly from the nature of the data: adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a human condition, and spinal deformity can only be induced in experimental animals by major skeletal mutilation (Somerville, 1952;Langenskiold & Michelsson, 1961;Lawton & Dickson, 1986) after which it is not, by definition, idiopathic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis as developmental instability

et al. 1995

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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common spinal deformity affecting children, with a prevalence from mass screening programmes of 1-3%. Despite centuries of study, it remains a problem with no generally accepted theory of aetiology, and disagreement on its natural history and management. Because the deformity consists ultimately of gross left-right asymmetry, a study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that it might be a manifestation of developmental instability. Palmar dermatoglyphics in 112 normal subjects, 62 with non-scoliosis trunk asymmetry and 85 with defined adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were examined and both the absolute right-left difference and the ratio of this to the total were considered. There was increased fluctuating asymmetry of atd difference in those with any asymmetry, scoliotic or not, and increased directional asymmetry of ab and cd ridge counts only in those with pure scoliosis. This suggests that, at adolescence, developmental instability may result in a loss of symmetry in growth, and that in the presence of an increased developmental left-right gradient, this may be of sufficient severity to be classified as deformity and come to the attention of orthopaedic surgeons. This interpretation changes the focus of many previous observations on scoliosis and raises the prospect that developmental stability in humans has relevance to problems hitherto restricted to clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis as developmental instability

et al. 1995

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“…AIS is characterized by relative apical lordosis. [1][2][3][4] The scoliosis classifi cation proposed by Lenke et al 5 has increased awareness of the importance of the sagittal deformity, particularly in the thoracic spine. This classifi cation differentiates 3 categories of thoracic kyphosis based on the radiographic Cobb angle between T5 and T12.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Thoracic Hypokyphosis After Posterior Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Fletcher

Jeffrey

McClung

et al. 2012

Spine

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There are 2 risk factors that lead to thoracic hypokyphosis in AIS: preoperative hypokyphosis and use of a 5.5-mm-diameter rod. A larger-diameter rod should be considered when planning surgery for thoracic AIS, especially when there is preoperative hypokyphosis. Despite thoracic kyphosis measuring less than 20°, these patients did not have decreased clinical outcomes as measured by the SRS-30 or SAQ.

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“…Proper elucidation of the etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms of AIS is essential for effective prediction of the occurrence, prognosticating, prevention and treatment. To further understand the etiopathogenesis of AIS, different types of scoliosis-induced experimental animal models have been developed, and have since been used for more than a century [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Each of the animal models found in the literature specifically focuses on one of the many different possible hypotheses on the pathogenesis of AIS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Pinealectomy-Induced Melatonin-Deficient Animal Models for the Study of Etiopathogenesis of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Man

Wang

Yim

et al. 2014

IJMS

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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common orthopedic disorder of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Melatonin and melatonin pathway dysfunction has been widely suspected to play an important role in the pathogenesis. Many different types of animal models have been developed to induce experimental scoliosis mimicking the pathoanatomical features of idiopathic scoliosis in human. The scoliosis deformity was believed to be induced by pinealectomy and mediated through the resulting melatonin-deficiency. However, the lack of upright mechanical spinal loading and inherent rotational instability of the curvature render the similarity of these models to the human counterparts questionable. Different concerns have been raised challenging the scientific validity and limitations of each model. The objectives of this review follow the logical need to re-examine and compare the relevance and appropriateness of each of the animal models that have been used for studying the etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in human in the past 15 to 20 years.

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The Experimental Basis of Idiopathic Scoliosis

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis as developmental instability

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis as developmental instability

Residual Thoracic Hypokyphosis After Posterior Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

A Review of Pinealectomy-Induced Melatonin-Deficient Animal Models for the Study of Etiopathogenesis of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

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