The experimental chemical hardness in the interaction between β-tubulin and epothilone B

Abstract

We showed the use of the experimental chemical hardness in the analysis of the interaction between β-tubulin and epothilone B. The interaction is analyzed by exposing the Epothilone B to a sensor based on an organic self-assembled monolayer functionalized with Beta tubulin. The proposed methodology is nondestructive and label-free. It allows us to compare the interaction between Beta-tubulin and different concentrations of the pharmacological molecule, i.e., epothilone B. The interaction is analyzed by the experimental hardness obtained according to the Miranda-Bueno methodology. We observed a linear behavior between the logarithm of the chemical hardness and the logarithm of epothilone B concentration. The results suggest the experimental chemical hardness can be used to compare the interaction of β-tubulin with epothilone B and with other pharmacological molecules.

Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide Surfaces for Electrochemical Biosensing

“…where ω = 2πf is the angular frequency [47]. Furthermore, the measurement of the experimental chemical hardness has been proposed as the inverse of the capacitance [59,60]. The choice of the electrical function to be plotted depends on the detector response; if the behavior is mainly capacitive, the complex capacitance or the chemical hardness is the right choice, whereas the impedance should be selected in case of a main resistive response.…”

Improving the Analytical Reproducibility of Electrochemical Capacitive Sensors Using the Chemical Hardness of the Interface

“…The first and second requirements were achieved by using self-assembled monolayers [9], [14] and peptide-based interfaces [32]. The third requirement (blank) is not a limitation of the method per se but is a limitation of any sensing analytical methodology.…”

“…Label-free detectors are devices that can sense a physical, chemical, or physical-chemical variation without an intermediate label, making the sensing process easier and quicker [1], [2]. These detectors can sense the target by mechanical [1], optical [3], [4], electrical [5] or electrochemical [2], [6]- [9] means when the detector is exposed to a sample containing the target. Label-free electrochemical methods of detecting biological targets associated with disease diagnosis, referred to as biological markers or simply biomarkers, have advantages of high sensitivity, miniaturization, and multiplexing ability.…”

“…A particular application of label-free electrochemical detectors is to sense biomarkers by means of chemical structures on the nanometre scale, such as electroactive monolayers, in which the electroactive centre is a redox group. For devices based on nanoscale structures in which the detector element of the device has a mesoscopic structure, such as electroactive centres in monolayers, the detectors can be referred to as mesoscopic [1]- [9]. Therefore, mesoscopic detectors consist of chemical structures between 0.1 and 10 nm in size, in which the term 'meso' refers to structures lying between two physical mechanical regimes, i.e., those of classical mechanics and quantum mechanics.…”

“…1, demonstrating that the inverse of C q is directly associated with the chemical energy. Furthermore, following conceptual density functional theory (DFT), the variation in 1/C q as a function of occupancy can be demonstrated to be related to the chemical hardness of the interface [9], [16]- [18] (see details below). The chemical hardness η ∝ 1/C q is an important chemical reactivity index able to quantify the reactivity between interacting or reacting substances [18].…”