The expression level of anthocyanidin synthase determines the anthocyanin content of crabapple (Malus sp.) petals

Zhang, Jie; Han, Zhenyun; Tian, Ji; Zhang, Xi; Song, Tingting

doi:10.1007/s11738-015-1857-0

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Chalcone isomerase (CHI) is one of the key enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, contributing to the accumulation of flavonoid components during fruit maturation [ 30 , 31 ]. Anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) is one of the key enzymes in the biosynthesis of both anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. UDP-glucose: anthocyanidin 3- O -glucosyltransferase (UFGT) catalyzes the transfer of the glucosyl moiety to the 3-hydroxyl group of anthocyanidins [ 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

B Type and Complex A/B Type Epicatechin Trimers Isolated from Litchi pericarp Aqueous Extract Show High Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity

Gong

Fang

Zhang

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruit is known for its rich source of phenolics. Litchi pericarp contains high levels of epicatechin that may form oligomers of various lengths. Except for several A or B type epicatechin dimers, other soluble oligomers have rarely been identified in the pericarp. Here, bioassay-guided column fractionation was applied to isolate bioactive phenolics from aqueous pericarp extract. A fraction (S3) was obtained by two rounds of Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and showed higher antioxidant activity and inhibition on the proliferation of human lung cancer cells (A549) than Litchi anthocyanins. S3 was further separated to isolate fractions P1–P4, which all showed higher antioxidant activity than vitamin C. P3 showed 32.9% inhibition on A549 cells at 30 μg/mL, higher than other fractions and cis-Dichlorodiamineplatinum (DDP, 0.5 μg/mL), but not as high as the combination of the four fractions. Using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, one B-type and complex A/B type epicatechin trimers were identified in P3; another B-type and two A/B-type trimers were identified in P4. P1 and P2, containing epicatechin and proanthocyanidin B2, respectively, showed no cell inhibition at 30 μg/mL. It is the first time that the two B type trimers of epicatechins (Litchitannin B1 and B2), have been found in Litchi species. The identified proanthocyanidins were detected in the pericarp of the young fruit, and the levels of the compounds decreased as the fruit developed, correlating to the decreasing patterns of the expression of LcLAR and LcANR, two key genes in the catechin biosynthesis pathway.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

B Type and Complex A/B Type Epicatechin Trimers Isolated from Litchi pericarp Aqueous Extract Show High Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity

Gong

Fang

Zhang

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…The similar result was also found in Chrysanthemum grandiflorum [ 35 ] and Malus sp. [ 36 ]. In addition, the silencing of ANS in red colored apple cultivar caused the shift of red leaf to green leaf, suggesting that anthocyanin biosynthesis was almost completely blocked [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis of Leaf in Tree Peony Reveals Differentially Expressed Pigments Genes

et al. 2017

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Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews) is an important traditional flower in China. Besides its beautiful flower, the leaf of tree peony has also good ornamental value owing to its leaf color change in spring. So far, the molecular mechanism of leaf color change in tree peony is unclear. In this study, the pigment level and transcriptome of three different color stages of tree peony leaf were analyzed. The purplish red leaf was rich in anthocyanin, while yellowish green leaf was rich in chlorophyll and carotenoid. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 4302 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated, and 4225 were downregulated in the purplish red leaf vs. yellowish green leaf. Among these DEGs, eight genes were predicted to participate in anthocyanin biosynthesis, eight genes were predicted involved in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, and 10 genes were predicted to participate in carotenoid metabolism. In addition, 27 MYBs, 20 bHLHs, 36 WD40 genes were also identified from DEGs. Anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) is the key gene that controls the anthocyanin level in tree peony leaf. Protochlorophyllide oxido-reductase (POR) is the key gene which regulated the chlorophyll content in tree peony leaf.

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“…ANS is encoded by a mini-gene family in many plants. ANS gene have been cloned and functionally analyzed in Theobroma cacao (Liu et al, 2013), Brassica carinata (Yan et al, 2014), Brassica juncea (Yan et al, 2011), Fructus mori (Qi et al, 2014), Punica granatum L. (Ben-Simhon et al, 2015), Malus spectabilis (Zhang et al, 2015), and Pyrus communis L. ; however, few reports on regulation of anthocyanin accumulation by ANS gene in peach fruit skin are available. In the present study, an ANS gene (PpANS) was isolated from peach fruit skin by using RT-PCR technique to determine the function of PpANS in peach fruit.…”

Section: Cloning Of Full-length Cdna Of Ppansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of an Anthocyanidin Synthase Gene in Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

Wang

et al. 2017

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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To elucidate the effect of anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) gene on anthocyanin accumulation in fruit skin of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. 'Chunmei', this study cloned and characterized an ANS gene (PpANS) from peach. PpANS (GenBank accession No. KX760117) was encoded by a 1074 bp-long open reading frame (ORF) corresponding to a polypeptide consisting of 358 amino acids with a molecular mass of 40.45 kD and an isoelectric point of 5.46. PpANS contains a conserved 2-oxoglutarate-and iron-dependent dioxygenases and non-haem dioxygenase binding regions. PpANS shared high similarities to angiosperm ANS and displayed the closest genetic relationship to Prunus domestica. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that PpANS was highly expressed in fruit skin, flesh and flowers, and peach fruit skin showed the highest transcript level of PpANS. Anthocyanin accumulation analysis indicated that it was highly accumulated in fruit skin and flesh of peach. Changes in the transcript level were highly correlated with anthocyanin content in the different tissues of peach. Prokaryotic expression analysis showed PpANS that protein can be expressed correctly in E. coli, and the size of PpANS recombinant protein was consistent with its predicted size. In vitro enzyme activity assay revealed that recombinant PpANS protein could catalyze the formation the cyanidin from leucocyanidin.These results indicated that PpANS was responsible for anthocyanin accumulation in P. persica.

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The expression level of anthocyanidin synthase determines the anthocyanin content of crabapple (Malus sp.) petals

Cited by 32 publications

References 38 publications

B Type and Complex A/B Type Epicatechin Trimers Isolated from Litchi pericarp Aqueous Extract Show High Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity

B Type and Complex A/B Type Epicatechin Trimers Isolated from Litchi pericarp Aqueous Extract Show High Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity

Transcriptomic Analysis of Leaf in Tree Peony Reveals Differentially Expressed Pigments Genes

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of an Anthocyanidin Synthase Gene in Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

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