The expression of a sexually selected trait correlates with different immune defense components and survival in males of the American rubyspot

Contreras‐Garduño, Jorge; Lanz‐Mendoza, Humberto; Córdoba‐Aguilar, Alex

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.03.003

Cited by 74 publications

(83 citation statements)

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“…However, we found no difference in wing-spot size between territorial and nonterritorial males. Likewise, in contrast to previous studies on C. splendens [13,14] and other damselflies ( [58,59]; see also [53]), we found no significant relationship between wing-spot size and immune response. This is the first study to measure selection via a known agent, predation, on any aspect of immune function at the individual level in a wild animal population.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Predation selects for increased immune function in male damselflies,Calopteryx splendens

et al. 2010

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Predation selects for numerous traits in many animal species, with sick or parasitized prey often being at high risk. When challenged by parasites and pathogens, prey with poor immune functions are thus likely to be at a selective disadvantage. We tested the hypothesis that predation by birds selects for increased immune function in a wild population of male damselflies Calopteryx splendens, while controlling for a trait known to be under selection by bird predation, dark wing-spots. We found that selection on both immune function and wing-spot size was significantly positive, and that selection on either trait was independent of selection on the other. We found no evidence of nonlinear quadratic or correlational selection. In contrast to previous studies, we found no phenotypic correlation between immune function and wingspot size. There was also no difference in immune response between territorial and non-territorial males. Our study suggests that predation may be an important agent of selection on the immune systems of prey, and because the selection we detected was directional, has the potential to cause phenotypic change in populations.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Predation selects for increased immune function in male damselflies,Calopteryx splendens

et al. 2010

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“…Working on the assumption that higher levels of PO activity and hemocyte numbers correspond to increased immune capacity (Contreras‐Garduño et al., 2007; Pauwels et al., 2010; Poyet et al., 2013; Prevost & Eslin, 1998; Reeson et al., 1998; Valadez‐Lira et al., 2012) in Plodia , and that the potential immune response correlates with the realized immune response (Ferguson et al., 2016), we expected to see a decrease in bacterial populations with increasing temperature. We found no direct correlation between temperature and bacterial resistance, however, with larvae raised at 22–24°C being the most effective at clearing bacterial infections, despite these temperatures corresponding to the medium potential immune capacity in unchallenged larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses to a warming world: Integrating life history, immune investment, and pathogen resistance in a model insect species

Laughton

O'Connor

Knell

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Environmental temperature has important effects on the physiology and life history of ectothermic animals, including investment in the immune system and the infectious capacity of pathogens. Numerous studies have examined individual components of these complex systems, but little is known about how they integrate when animals are exposed to different temperatures. Here, we use the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) to understand how immune investment and disease resistance react and potentially trade‐off with other life‐history traits. We recorded life‐history (development time, survival, fecundity, and body size) and immunity (hemocyte counts, phenoloxidase activity) measures and tested resistance to bacterial (E. coli) and viral (Plodia interpunctella granulosis virus) infection at five temperatures (20–30°C). While development time, lifespan, and size decreased with temperature as expected, moths exhibited different reproductive strategies in response to small changes in temperature. At cooler temperatures, oviposition rates were low but tended to increase toward the end of life, whereas warmer temperatures promoted initially high oviposition rates that rapidly declined after the first few days of adult life. Although warmer temperatures were associated with strong investment in early reproduction, there was no evidence of an associated trade‐off with immune investment. Phenoloxidase activity increased most at cooler temperatures before plateauing, while hemocyte counts increased linearly with temperature. Resistance to bacterial challenge displayed a complex pattern, whereas survival after a viral challenge increased with rearing temperature. These results demonstrate that different immune system components and different pathogens can respond in distinct ways to changes in temperature. Overall, these data highlight the scope for significant changes in immunity, disease resistance, and host–parasite population dynamics to arise from small, biologically relevant changes to environmental temperature. In light of global warming, understanding these complex interactions is vital for predicting the potential impact of insect disease vectors and crop pests on public health and food security.

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“…Preparation of enzymatic extracts from A. mellifera Each development stage of workers and drones was homogenised separately in an ice bath for 2 minutes with PBS buffer (Contreras-Garduno et al, 2007), pH 7.0, at a 1:5 (w/v) ratio. The homogenate was centrifuged at 10,000 g for 10 minutes at 4°C.…”

Section: Enzymatic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of the Prophenoloxidase Gene and Phenoloxidase Activity, During the Development of Apis Mellifera Brood Infected with Varroa Destructor

Zaobidna

Zoltowska

Łopieńska–Biernat

2015

Journal of Apicultural Science

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A b s t r a c t The pathogenesis of varroasis has not been fully explained despite intensive research. Earlier studies suggested that parasitic infections caused by Varroa destructor mites were accompanied by immunosuppression in the host organism. The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of varroasis on one of the immune pathway in Apis mellifera measured by the expression of the prophenoloxidase (proPO) gene and the enzymatic activity of this gene's product, phenoloxidase (EC 1.14.18.1). An evaluation was done of five developmental stages of honey bee workers and drones. The relative expression of proPO decreased in infected individuals. The only exceptions were worker prepupae (PP) and drone pupae with brown eyes and dark brown thorax (P5) where propo gene expression was 1.8-fold and 1.5-fold higher, respectively, than in the control. Phenoloxidase (PO) activity was 2.8-fold higher in infected pp workers and 2-fold higher in p5 drones in comparison with uninfected bees. Phenoloxidase activity was reduced in the remaining developmental stages of infected workers and drones. The relative expression of proPO was positively correlated with the relative PO activity in both workers (r = 0.988) and drones (r = 0.996). The results of the study indicate that V. destructor significantly influences the phenoloxidase-dependent immune pathway in honey bees.Keywords: Apis mellifera, phenoloxidase activity, prophenoloxidase gen expression, Varroa destructor.University of Warmia and Mazury, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Oczapowski 1A, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland INTRODUCTIONThe honey bee (Apis mellifera) is an economically important pollinator whose population has been dramatically reduced in the past decades (Genersch, 2010). There are several causes for the decline of the bee populations, including exposure to agricultural chemicals such as pesticides (Krupke et al., 2012). Bee breeding in large apiaries of thousands of colonies can contribute to the spread of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases (Wilson-Rich et al., 2008;Laughton et al., 2011). The most widespread parasitic disease in bee colonies is caused by the ectoparasite Varroa destructor, a vector of dangerous pathogens for bees (vanEngelsdorp et al., 2009;Rosenkranz et al., 2010). By feeding on the hemolymph, V. destructor weakens the bees and depletes their food reserves, which has particularly serious consequences for wintering insects. The parasite also induces immunosuppression in the host organism. Some studies have demonstrated that immunosuppression is closely linked with varroasis (Gregory et al., 2005;Yang and Cox-Foster, 2005;Aronstein et al., 2012 Expression of proPO in A. mellifera waxes, and proteolytic enzymes which provide bees with antimicrobial protection (Strachecka et al., 2010;. Phenoloxidase mediates the nodulation or encapsulation of foreign organisms. This action prevents the development and spread of pathogens in the host's body. The enzyme also participates in wound healing, which...

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The expression of a sexually selected trait correlates with different immune defense components and survival in males of the American rubyspot

Cited by 74 publications

References 48 publications

Predation selects for increased immune function in male damselflies,Calopteryx splendens

Predation selects for increased immune function in male damselflies,Calopteryx splendens

Responses to a warming world: Integrating life history, immune investment, and pathogen resistance in a model insect species

Expression of the Prophenoloxidase Gene and Phenoloxidase Activity, During the Development of Apis Mellifera Brood Infected with Varroa Destructor

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