The expression of exhaustivity and scalarity in Burmese

Abstract

The Burmese particle hma expresses exhaustivity in some contexts but a scalar, even-like meaning in other contexts. We detail the distribution of hma and its meaning and develop a unified semantics. Hma is a not-at-issue scalar exhaustive, similar to the semantics proposed for English it-clefts in Velleman, Beaver, Destruel, Bumford, Onea & Coppock 2012. When hma takes wide scope, it leads to an exhaustive, cleft interpretation which is not scale-sensitive. When hma takes scope under negation, the resulting meaning will have a scale-sensitive felicity condition. We also discuss the semantics of the sentence-final mood marker dar, which we propose is a marker of propositional clefts (Sheil 2016), and its apparent role in the determination of the scope of hma.

A variably exhaustive and scalar focus particle and pragmatic focus concord in Burmese

“…Another well studied example is focus concord in Old Japanese, which is termed kakari-musubi in the Japanese literature (Whitman 1997, Hagstrom 1998, Watanabe 2002, Yanagida 2006, Aldridge 2018, Narrog 2019, and references there). Regular finite clauses end with a form known as "conclusive" (Japanese shuushi; SS) as in (54a), but the use of certain focus particles such as zo trigger the use of the adnominal verb ending (rentai; RT) as in (54b).…”