The expression of heat shock protein 70 in kidneys in cases of death due to hypothermia

Preuß, J.; Dettmeyer, R.; Poster, Simone; Lignitz, Eberhard; Madea, Burkhard

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.09.017

Cited by 55 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our studies concerning catecholamine assays as well as Wischnewsky's spots indicate that these traditional markers are useful in postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia. Recently, several other factors have also been used as markers for cold exposure, including chromogranin A (15), sodium concentration of skeletal muscle (23), heat shock protein 70 (24), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (25). However, most targets used for the purpose are involved in common stress reactions, and more specific markers for hypothermia remain to be identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Adrenaline to Noradrenaline Ratio Is a Superior Indicator of Antemortem Hypothermia Compared with Separate Catecholamine Concentrations

Pakanen

Kortelainen

Särkioja

et al. 2011

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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The significance of urinary catecholamines and small gastric mucosal bleedings, Wischnewsky's spots, in postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia deaths was evaluated. Autopsy cases (n=358) were divided into hypothermia, suspected hypothermia, and control groups. The catecholamine levels did not correlate with the length of the postmortem period. The adrenaline to noradrenaline ratio was most effective in detecting hypothermia (68.9% sensitivity, 78.1% specificity). The median adrenaline concentrations were significantly higher in hypothermia than in control groups. The control group containing mostly sudden cardiac deaths with no cold exposure had a noradrenaline level comparable to the hypothermia groups. The sensitivity and specificity of determining Wischnewsky's spots in hypothermia deaths were 63.9% and 88.3%, respectively. The adrenaline to noradrenaline ratio is more suitable in proving antemortem cold stress than either of these independently, and its diagnostic value is comparable to that of Wischnewsky's spots.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Adrenaline to Noradrenaline Ratio Is a Superior Indicator of Antemortem Hypothermia Compared with Separate Catecholamine Concentrations

Pakanen

Kortelainen

Särkioja

et al. 2011

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…These include the lungs, myocardium, anterior pituitary gland, adrenal medulla, hypothalamus, midbrain periaqueductal gray matter, renal tubular epithelium, distal and collecting renal tubules, glomerular podocytes, brain parietal lobe, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex, with extremely promising results in some cases. However, immunohistochemistry has still not provided significantly reliable diagnostic criteria for the postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia [24,[28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Microscopic Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia

2014

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The identification of hypothermia as the cause of death has always been somewhat problematic in forensic pathology because of unspecific, inconstant, or even negative macroscopic and microscopic findings. Though the simultaneous presence of frost erythema, Wischnewski spots, hemorrhages into the synovial membrane, bloody discoloration of synovial fluid of the knee, and basal vacuolization of the renal tubular epithelial cells has been indicated as strongly supportive of fatal hypothermia, their absence does not allow the diagnosis of hypothermia to be ruled out. Postmortem biochemical investigations are valuable in detecting adaptation responses to cold stress and metabolic changes that occur following cold exposure. However, ethanol intoxication prevents appearance of adaptation responses to cold, rendering the diagnosis less obvious. Immunohistochemistry, postmortem imaging, and molecular pathology have shown promising results, although at present, they do not provide pathognomonic signs of fatal hypothermia. The aim of this article is to present a review of the literature covering the significance of different postmortem investigations that are associated with hypothermia fatalities.

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“…However, reports of forensic hypothermia investigations using molecular biological methods have only recently begun to appear, and existing hypothermia findings are also important (Turk, 2010). In addition, fatty degeneration of renal tubular epithelium (Preuss et al, 2004) and myocardial cells (Preuss et al, 2006), vacuoles in pancreatic adenoid cells (Preuss et al, 2007), and heat shock protein 70 in renal tubular epithelium and glomerular podocytes (Preuss et al, 2008) can be used as markers of hypothermia. In forensic practice, considering the combination of macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular biologic observations would be conducive to a more accurate diagnosis of hypothermia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Microarray Analysis of the Mouse Adrenal Gland for the Detection of Hypothermia Biomarkers: Potential Usefulness for Forensic Investigation

Takamiya¹,

Saigusa²,

Dewa³

2013

Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management

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We analyzed the adrenal gland transcriptome of mice killed by hypothermia using DNA microarray technology. A total of 4051 significantly expressed genes were identified; 2015 genes were upregulated and 2036 were downregulated. The FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene was the most upregulated, whereas stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 3 was the most downregulated. Validation by quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that results obtained by both methods were consistent. In the gene set analysis, significant variations were found in nine pathways, and we suggest that transforming growth factor b and tumor necrosis factor a would be involved in the pathogenesis of hypothermia. Gene functional category analysis demonstrated the most overexpressed categories in upregulated and downregulated genes were cellular process in biological process, binding in molecular function, and cell and cell part in cellular component. The present study demonstrated acute adrenal responses in hypothermia, and we suggest that understanding adrenal mRNA expression would be useful for hypothermia diagnosis. Furthermore, the present microarray data may also facilitate development of immunohistochemical analysis of human cases. In forensic practice, the combination of macroscopic and microscopic observations with molecular biological analyses would be conducive to more accurate diagnosis of hypothermia. Although this study is aimed at forensic practice, the present data regarding more than 20,000 genes of the adrenal gland would be beneficial to inform future clinical hypothermia research. From the viewpoint of adrenal gene activity, they could contribute to elucidating the pathophysiology of hypothermia.

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The expression of heat shock protein 70 in kidneys in cases of death due to hypothermia

Cited by 55 publications

References 15 publications

Increased Adrenaline to Noradrenaline Ratio Is a Superior Indicator of Antemortem Hypothermia Compared with Separate Catecholamine Concentrations

Increased Adrenaline to Noradrenaline Ratio Is a Superior Indicator of Antemortem Hypothermia Compared with Separate Catecholamine Concentrations

Postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia

DNA Microarray Analysis of the Mouse Adrenal Gland for the Detection of Hypothermia Biomarkers: Potential Usefulness for Forensic Investigation

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