“…Furthermore, OX40 stimulation has been reported to prevent peripheral tolerance of CD4 ϩ T cells (25), suggesting a possible involvement of the OX40/OX40L system in regulating autoimmunity. Indeed, expression of OX40 and/or OX40L has been demonstrated in the tissues of several immune disorders such as experimental allergic encephalitis (24, 26 -28), experimental inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) (29,30), graft-vs-host disease (31)(32)(33), human proliferative lupus nephritis (34), rheumatoid arthritis (35,36), human IBD (37,38), human inflammatory muscle diseases (39), and in thymoma of patients with myasthenia gravis (40). In vivo blockade of OX40/ OX40L interaction has been described not only to suppress ongoing experimental allergic encephalitis (28) and graft-vs-host disease (32,41), but also to ameliorate ongoing colitis in murine models of IBD (29,30), asthma (42), and collagen-induced arthritis (35).…”