The expulsion from Disneyland: The social psychological impact of 9/11.

Morgan, G. Scott; Wisneski, Daniel C.; Skitka, Linda J.

doi:10.1037/a0024772

Cited by 66 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…According to terror management researchers an unwillingness to interact with a perceived out-group represents a regular defense or threat buffer when faced with threats to mortality. While racism did not increase in our data between the two attacks, those who were anxious were less willing to interact with an apparently threatening group, and were more likely to exhibit racist attitudes (Morgan et al, 2011). This is consistent with work in Israel finding PTSD This was particularly the case for willingness to form more intimate relationships with the group most associated with these events.…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Psychological distress and prejudice following terror attacks in France

Kaniasty

Sun

Ben–Ezra

2017

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Terrorist attacks have the capacity to threaten our beliefs about the world, cause distress across populations and promote discrimination towards particular groups. We examined the impact of two different types of attacks in the same city and same year on psychological distress andprobable posttraumatic stress symptoms, and the moderating effects of religion or media use on distress/posttraumatic symptoms and inter-group relations. Two panel surveys four weeks after the January 2015 Charlie Hebdo attack (N= 1981) and the November 2015 Bataclan concert hall / restaurant attacks (N= 1878), measured intrinsic religiosity, social and traditional media use, psychological distress (K6), probable posttraumatic stress symptoms (proposed ICD-11), symbolic racism and willingness to interact with Muslims by non-Muslims. Prevalence of serious mental illness (K6 score > 18) was higher after November 2015 attacks (7.0 % after the first attack, 10.2% the second, χ2 (1) = 5.67, p<.02), as were probable posttraumatic stress symptoms (11.9% vs. 14.1%; χ2 (1) = 4.15, p<.04). In structural equation analyses, sex, age, geographic proximity, media use and religiosity were associated with distress, as was the interaction between event and religiosity. Distresswas was then associated with racism symbolism and willingness to interact with Muslims. Implications are considered for managing psychological trauma across populations, and protecting inter-group harmony. IntroductionFrance suffered two major terrorist attacks during 2015, both attributed to Islamist groups. The first, in January, targeted the Paris-based satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo, killing 12 people, and was claimed as a response to the publication of satirical cartoons. In the second, November attack, marauding gunmen and suicide bombers attacked the Bataclan concert hall and restaurants in the multicultural central district of Paris and its northern suburb St. Denis, killing 130. There are different possible outcomes of these events for psychological well-being and intergroup relations. From an inoculation approach, the first attack hardened French citizens against further terror events, weakening the impact of a second terror event (Bleich et al., 2003). An alternative, dose-response approach suggests the larger, apparently 'motiveless' second attack challenged an "assumptive" view of the world as a safe, benevolent place (Janoff-Bulman., 1992), and had more severe psychological consequences. Further factors may have moderated stress responses. Those living closer to the attack may be more affected (Canetti-Nisim et al., 2009); indirect exposure via the media may also amplify distress (Goodwin et al., 2015), while individual religiosity may help individuals cope with mortality threat (Fischer, 2006). Distress in turn has been associated with increased prejudice and exclusionist attitudes (Canetti-Nisim et al., 2009). We tested relationships between the event, location, media exposure and religiosity and distress, and associations between distress, racism and s...

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supporting

confidence: 81%

Psychological distress and prejudice following terror attacks in France

Kaniasty

Sun

Ben–Ezra

2017

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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“…In line Adversity in life and compensatory affirmation 5 with this last concern, Americans responded to the events of 9/11 with a number of behaviors that could be seen as attempts to directly respond to the event at hand, including greater willingness to trade civil liberties for security, support for increasing surveillance of Muslim Americans, and patriotic gestures such as displaying the American flag (c.f. Morgan, Wisneski, & Skitka, 2011). The shared nature of the tragedy prevents us from differentiating resolution-oriented motivations, such as supporting one's in-group or preventing future attacks, from a more abstract motivation to minimize personally felt anxiety via compensatory affirmation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experienced Adversity in Life Is Associated With Polarized and Affirmed Political Attitudes

Randles

Heine

Poulin

et al. 2017

Social Psychological and Personality Science

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Adversity in life and compensatory affirmation 2 ABSTRACT Many studies find that when made to feel uncertain, participants respond by affirming importantly-held beliefs. However, while theories argue that these effects should persist over time for highly disruptive experiences, almost no research has been performed outside the lab. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a national sample of U.S. adults (N=1613) who were followed longitudinally for 3 years. Participants reported lifetime and recent adversities experienced annually, as well as their opinions on a number of questions related to inter-group hostility and aggression towards out-groups, similar to those used in many lab studies of uncertainty. We anticipated that those who had experienced adversity would show more extreme support for their position. There was a positive relationship between adversity and the tendency to strongly affirm and polarize their positions. Results suggest that adverse life events may lead to long-lasting changes in one's tendency to polarize one's political attitudes.

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“…A similar increase in hate crimes occurred in the United States following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks (Roehner, 2004). In fact, recent years have seen a worrying rise in prejudice and discrimination against Muslims in both Europe and the United States (Kaplan, 2006 Skitka, 2011), thereby highlighting the complexity of the effects produced by these extreme situations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%