The extension of nylon 6 as a function of the extent and nature of sorbed water

Kawasaki, Koji; Sekita, Yoshiyasu; Kanou, Kyoichi

doi:10.1016/0095-8522(62)90065-x

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A reasonably linear dependence of hygroscopic elongation on the water uptake was observed, with a threshold value. For the water content close to the saturation value, this relation does not appear to be verified, probably due to clustering effects in the polyamide [24]; for high water content the molecules start to gather in clusters and therefore the increase in water uptake will generate lower hygroscopic elongation than in the case of isolated molecules. The results of the present study highlight the same trend, with a hygroscopic coefficient (β) equal to 0.488.…”

Section: Hygroscopic Expansionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Influence of water on the short and long term mechanical behaviour of polyamide 6 (nylon) fibres and yarns

Humeau

Davies

Gac

et al. 2018

Multiscale and Multidiscip. Model. Exp. and Des.

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Polyamide fibres are known to be sensitive to water, and this has limited their marine applications. However, their low stiffness and high strength could be attractive for shallow water mooring line ropes, particularly for floating wind turbines. Such applications require the influence of water on mechanical behaviour to be fully understood, and this paper presents results describing how water affects static and creep response of polyamide 6 fibre yarns. First, the effect of water on fibre Tg is quantified, then tensile behaviour is examined. Finally, a model based on Schapery's non-linear creep analysis is identified for different humidity conditions. The results show that while moisture has a small effect on short-term tensile behaviour, long term response is strongly affected and this must be considered in any marine application.

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Section: Hygroscopic Expansionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Some previous results are available on this subject for bulk [23] and fibre [24] polymers. A reasonably linear dependence of hygroscopic elongation on the water uptake was observed, with a threshold value.…”

Section: Hygroscopic Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of water on the short and long term mechanical behaviour of polyamide 6 (nylon) fibres and yarns

Humeau

Davies

Gac

et al. 2018

Multiscale and Multidiscip. Model. Exp. and Des.

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“…[46] The same trend is seen in our research explaining that the polymer might have low solubility for water vapor at p/p 0 < 0.4 (see the curve at 40 °C, Figure 11), and with the increase of the vapor activity, water vapor solubility increases due to the clustering or multilayer formation. [47] Since our polymer is completely in the amorphous state, it is possible that water vapor molecules form clusters at the "free" polymer chains. With the increase of temperature, the polymer-penetrant interaction becomes weak.…”

Section: Type Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

SI‐ATRP Polymer‐Functionalized Graphene Oxide for Water Vapor Separation

Aliyev

Shishatskiy

Abetz

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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considerable attention since 1980. [5] Despite the significant attention paid to the improvement of properties, most of the polymers studied did not exceed the Robeson upper bound, and none of them found use in the efficient separation system. [6] To obtain higher permeability and better selectivity, several approaches have been implemented, such as thermal rearrangement of the polymers, [7] formation of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) by incorporation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [8] covalent organic frameworks (COFs), [9] and other fillers into the polymer matrix. Every year, the drinking water demand increases, and thus energy-efficient water separation becomes more and more significant in terms of safe water supply in the world. Since we need to supply the world population with drinkable water from salty ocean, seas, and brackish water, water needs to be separated from its constituents such as salts, organic compounds, and bacteria. The primary membrane separation methods used widely for this purpose are forward osmosis (FO), reverse osmosis (RO), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), microfiltration (MF), and electrodialysis reversal desalination (ERD). As a robust and low-energy-consuming technique, membrane distillation (MD) has recently received extensive attention. For this purpose, hydrophobic microporous polymeric membranes based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polypropylene (PP), etc., are implemented. In MD, a hot water stream circulates on the surface of the hydrophobic membrane, while only water vapor can pass through the porous structure of the membrane. The separated water vapor afterwards condenses on cold surfaces. Lee et al. reported that an electrospun perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane-coated titanium dioxide/polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (F-TiO 2 /PVDF-HFP) membrane showed superhydrophobicity and a high water flux of 40 L m −2 h −1 compared to pristine PVDF membranes, [10] while the water flux of the PVDF nanofibrous hydrophobic membranes reinforced with fabric substrate was 49 kg m −2 h −1. [11] Being a 2D material, graphene oxide (GO) has attracted extensive attention in membrane science as a potential material due to its mechanical strength, [12] the possibility for property alteration by covalent and noncovalent chemical bonding, [13] and its cost-effective production. Recent works [14] show how GO incorporation affects the selectivity of polyimide-and Graphene oxide is functionalized with poly(2-diethylaminoethyl) methacrylate (PDEAEMA), and the resulting material is used as a selective layer of a thin-film composite membrane (TFCM). The polymer synthesis is carried out by surfaceinitiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) from bulk and also from single-layer graphene oxide (GO). The polymer brushes synthesized by the "grafting from" method are characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analys...

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“…[6], Puffr and Sebenda [ 17], Kawasaki et al. [7,8], and others have studied the mechanism of water sorption in nylon at different RHs. There is sufficient evidence to show that water attaches by three different mechanisms depending on the moisture regain level, i.e., in the ranges of 0-2% moisture regain, 2 to 4%, and 4% and above.…”

Section: Effect Of Rh During Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Moisture Content on Stress Ageing of Nylon 6

Verma

Deopura

Sengupta

1984

Textile Research Journal

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Stress ageing experiments on highly drawn nylon 6 filaments were carried out at different relative humidities. It is found that a marked improvement in properties occur when ageing is carried out at 30% relative humidity (RH) for filaments drawn at 50% RH. This effect has been explained on the basis of nonlinear variation of glass transition temperature as a function of moisture content. At an RH of about 30%, additional ordered regions are formed in the presence of applied stress, resulting in an improved structure and tensile behavior of the filaments.

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The extension of nylon 6 as a function of the extent and nature of sorbed water

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of water on the short and long term mechanical behaviour of polyamide 6 (nylon) fibres and yarns

Influence of water on the short and long term mechanical behaviour of polyamide 6 (nylon) fibres and yarns

SI‐ATRP Polymer‐Functionalized Graphene Oxide for Water Vapor Separation

Effect of Moisture Content on Stress Ageing of Nylon 6

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