The extensor tendons to the little finger: An anatomic study

Gonzalez, Mark H.; Gray, Thomas; Ortinau, Eric; Weinzweig, Norman

doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(05)80441-1

Cited by 39 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Table 1 summarizes the findings of several previous reports (Schenck, 1964;Mestdagh et al, 1985;elBadawi et al, 1995;Gonzalez et al, 1995a;Hirai et al, .01 compared with present study. Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The results of previous reports (Schenck, 1964;Mestdagh et al, 1985;el-Badawi et al, 1995;Gonzalez et al, 1995a;Hirai et al, 2001;Zilber and Oberlin, 2004) and the present study were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney U Test. The significance of the frequency of tendon variations and arrangements was examined by Fisher's exact test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In particular, the extensor digiti minimi (EDM) has been noted to consist of multiple tendon slips and may have variable attachments to the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) (Schenck, 1964;el-Badawi et al, 1995;Gonzalez et al, 1995a;Hirai et al, 2001;Zilber and Oberlin, 2004). Knowledge of this variability is important when performing tendon transfers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reports have primarily focused on anatomic variation in the number of tendons present within the 5th dorsal compartment as well as the attachments running between the EDM and EDC tendons (Schenck, 1964;Mestdagh et al, 1985;Godwin and Ellis, 1992;el-Badawi et al, 1995;Gonzalez et al, 1995a;von Schroeder and Botte, 1995;Hirai et al, 2001;Zilber and Oberlin, 2004). Less attention has been given to anatomic variability surrounding the arrangement of the 5th compartment retinaculum and distal extensions of this retinaculum into the dorsum of the hand (Palmer et al, 1985;Seradge et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomic variation of the 5th extensor tendon compartment and extensor digiti minimi tendon

et al. 2007

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Anatomic variation within the 5th extensor compartment may contribute to the development of tenosynovitis and limit the usefulness of the extensor digiti minimi (EDM) for tendon transfer. The purpose of this study was to assess the anatomic variation of the EDM tendon and its surrounding retinaculum, with particular attention to anatomical variation between specimens. Forty-one fresh cadaver hands were dissected. The length of the 5th compartment retinaculum was noted. The incidence of an intercompartmental septum was noted in each specimen as well as the type of tendinous attachments present between the EDM and extensor digitorum communis (EDC) tendons. The presence and length of any accessory retinacular bands distal to the edge of proper extensor retinaculum was also noted. Only one specimen contained a single EDM tendon, while 71% (n = 29) of specimens contained two slips and 23% (n = 9) had three slips; 24% (n = 10) of EDC tendons had no slip to the small finger, while 61% (n = 25) of specimens had a single slip to the small finger. The EDC's contribution to the small finger was found to be an independent tendon in 42% of cases (n = 17), while 34% (n = 14) of specimens were found to have a common EDC slip, which branched to both the ring and small finger. Three EDM tendons divided distal to the extensor retinaculum, while the remaining EDM tendons divided beneath or proximal to the extensor retinaculum. Seventy-three percent (n = 30) of the specimens had an accessory retinacular band surrounding the EDM tendon identified at the base of the 5th metacarpal. Eighty-eight percent (n = 36) of hands had a septum between the EDM slips. The surgeon should be aware of variability within the 5th dorsal compartment in cases of trauma and in cases of tendon transfer. In our series 30 of 41 specimens were noted to contain an accessory dorsal retinacular band surrounding the EDM and 36 specimens were noted to contain a septum within the 5th compartment. The presence of an accessory retinacular band surrounding the EDM at the level of the 5th metacarpal base is an anatomic finding that requires further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Anatomic variation of the 5th extensor tendon compartment and extensor digiti minimi tendon

et al. 2007

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“…Celik S et al [12] stated that ED has single tendon to little finger in 24.1% and absent in 68.5%. Gonzalez MH et al [15] had reported that in a study of fifty hands three hands lacked both extensor digitorum communis and juncturae. Mehta V et al [16] reported a case with Extensor digitorum contributing tendons only to the middle and ring fingers, with juncturae tendinum between the extensor digitorum for the ring finger and extensor digiti minimi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Study of Variations in the Extensor Tendons of Forearm and Hand

N¹

2017

IJAR

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Study of extensor tendons in forearm, dorsum of hand and their intertendinous connections was conducted in 70 upper limbs (35 right and 35 left) from Govt. Thoothukudi Medical College, Tamilnadu, India. Variations in the extensor tendons of fingers, both proximal and distal to the extensor retinaculum were analyzed. The arrangement of extensor pollicis longus and brevis tendons were traced up to base of proximal phalanx and extensor expansion at the level of proximal as well as base of phalanx, they were found to be single or doubled. Extensor indicis were single tendon in most of the specimens. The extensor digitorum gave off single tendon to the index finger, double tendons to the middle finger and triple tendons to the ring finger. The extensor digiti minimi often had single or double tendon to the little finger distal to extensor retinaculum, in those cases contribution from the extensor digitorum tendon slip to the little finger were absent. Three types of juncturae tendinum were identified between the tendons of extensor digitorum in the 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th inter metacarpal spaces of hands. The extensor indicis tendon was always observed to lack juncturae tendinum. Type I juncturae tendinum was seen in the 1 st inter metacarpal space. Type II was seen in the 3 rd intermetacarpal space. Type III was identified in the 4 th intermetacarpal space. Knowledge of these variations may help surgeons while performing tendon repair or transfer. Surgeons should keep in mind about the existence of these variations for better diagnosis and reconstructive procedures.

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The anatomical variations of the extensor tendons to the dorsum of the hand

et al. 2008

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To lead a quality life, tendon repair must be performed in a trauma causing damage to the extensor tendon of the hand. The aim of this study is to study the structures that can be used as donor tendons. Fifty-four dissected adult hands were examined to study the pattern of the extensor tendons on the dorsum of the hand. The most common distribution patterns of the extensor tendons of the fingers were as follows: a single extensor indicis proprius (EIP) tendon which inserted ulnar to the extensor digitorum (ED)-index; a single ED-index; a single ED-middle; a single ED-ring; an absent ED-little; a double extensor digiti minimi (EDM), and a single ED-ring to the little finger. The frequency of the number of tendons is as follows: a single (87.03%) EIP, a single ED-index (100%), a single (92.6%) ED-middle, a single (75.9%) ED-ring, and an absent (68.5%) or a single (24.1%) ED-little. A double (88.9%) EDM tendons were seen. The thickest type of juncturae tendinum (JT) is found primarily between the ring and little fingers (90%). Suitable excessive tendon and the thickest JT as donor tendon were found in the fourth intermetacarpal space. The present findings, especially the fourth intermetacarpal space, may explain why incisions on the dorsum of the hand should be large and performed with particular care. It is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the arrangements of the multiple extensor muscles and their junctural connections of the hand when tenoplasty or tendon transfer is required.

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The extensor tendons to the little finger: An anatomic study

Cited by 39 publications

References 3 publications

Anatomic variation of the 5th extensor tendon compartment and extensor digiti minimi tendon

Anatomic variation of the 5th extensor tendon compartment and extensor digiti minimi tendon

Study of Variations in the Extensor Tendons of Forearm and Hand

The anatomical variations of the extensor tendons to the dorsum of the hand

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