The extracellular matrix of green algae

Domozych, David S.; LoRicco, Josephine G

doi:10.1093/plphys/kiad384

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 201 publications

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“…The cell wall, one of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in plants and algae (Cosgrove, 2005; Domozych and LoRicco, 2023), is a complex network of molecules surrounding cells and tissues, providing them with mechanical support and transmitting regulatory cues from the environment (Gu and Rasmussen, 2022). The ECM, composed of matrix polysaccharides and matrix glycoproteins, is continuously synthesized and degraded during cell growth, division, and differentiation (Flinn, 2008; Seifert and Blaukopf, 2010; Domozych and LoRicco, 2023). Many studies about the regulatory mechanism for cell wall remodeling focus on matrix polysaccharides (Bashline et al, 2014; Anderson and Kieber, 2020), but the regulation for the synthesis and degradation of matrix glycoproteins has been rarely described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DYRKP kinase regulates cell wall degradation in Chlamydomonas by inducing matrix metalloproteinase expression

Kim,

Jorge,

Aschern

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The cell wall of plants and algae is an important cell structure that protects cells from changes in the external physical and chemical environment. This extracellular matrix composed of polysaccharides and glycoproteins, is needed to be remodeled continuously throughout the life cycle. However, compared to matrix polysaccharides, little is known about the mechanisms regulating the formation and degradation of matrix glycoproteins. We report here that a plant kinase belonging to the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family present in all eukaryotes regulates cell wall degradation in the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by inducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In the absence of DYRKP, daughter cells fail to degrade the parental cell wall, and form multicellular structures. On the other hand, the complementation line of DYRKP was shown to degrade the parental cell wall normally. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses indicate a marked down-regulation of MMP expression in the dyrkp mutants. Additionally, the expression of MMP was confirmed to be consistent with the expression pattern of DYRKP. Our findings show that DYRKP, by ensuring timely MMP expression, enables the successful execution of the cell cycle. Altogether, this study provides new insight into the life cycle regulation in plants and algae.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DYRKP kinase regulates cell wall degradation in Chlamydomonas by inducing matrix metalloproteinase expression

Kim,

Jorge,

Aschern

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Green algae, which comprise the main seaweed growing in the high- and mid-tidal zones must adapt to daily tidal changes and resist strong sunlight and high temperature. The green algae produce many adaptive bioactive compounds and metabolites to protect against environmental damage [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], including phenolic compounds [ 4 , 5 ], pigments [ 6 , 7 ], polysaccharides [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], terpenoids [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ethyl Acetate Extract of Caulerpa microphysa Promotes Collagen Homeostasis and Inhibits Inflammation in the Skin

Lu,

Cheng,

Hung

et al. 2024

CIMB

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Inflammation and collagen-degrading enzymes’ overexpression promote collagen decomposition, which affects the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix. The polysaccharide and peptide extracts of the green alga Caulerpa microphysa (C. microphysa) have been proven to have anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antioxidant effects in vivo and in vitro. However, the biological properties of the non-water-soluble components of C. microphysa are still unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated the higher effective anti-inflammatory functions of C. microphysa ethyl acetate (EA) extract than water extract up to 16–30% in LPS-induced HaCaT cells, including reducing the production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, the excellent collagen homeostasis effects from C. microphysa were proven by suppressing the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) secretion, enhancing type 1 procollagen and collagen expressions dose-dependently in WS1 cells. Moreover, using UHPLC-QTOF-MS analysis, four terpenoids, siphonaxanthin, caulerpenyne, caulerpal A, and caulerpal B, were identified and may be involved in the superior collagen homeostasis and anti-inflammatory effects of the C. microphysa EA extract.

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“…For example, cell aggregation may be beneficial to minimize water loss (Pierangelini et al, 2019). Further, representatives of the Zygnematophyceae often form a mucous layer of pectin around the cells (Domozych and LoRicco, 2023). Experiments with cultures of different ages and with the addition of pectate lyase highlight that a pectin layer increased drought stress tolerance of these algae (Pichrtová et al, 2014; Pichrtová et al, 2016; Herburger et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent responses in desiccation experiments in two ecophysiologically different Zygnematophyceae

Rieseberg,

Dadras,

Bergschmidt

et al. 2023

Physiologia Plantarum

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Water scarcity can be considered a major stressor on land, with desiccation being its most extreme form. Land plants have found two different solutions to this challenge: avoidance and tolerance. The closest algal relatives to land plants, the Zygnematophyceae, use the latter, and how this is realized is of great interest for our understanding of the conquest of land. Here, we worked with two representatives of the Zygnematophyceae, Zygnema circumcarinatum SAG 698‐1b and Mesotaenium endlicherianum SAG 12.97, who differ in habitats and drought resilience. We challenged both algal species with severe desiccation in a laboratory setup until photosynthesis ceased, followed by a recovery period. We assessed their morphological, photophysiological, and transcriptomic responses. Our data pinpoint global differential gene expression patterns that speak of conserved responses, from calcium‐mediated signaling to the adjustment of plastid biology, cell envelopes, and amino acid pathways, between Zygnematophyceae and land plants despite their strong ecophysiological divergence. The main difference between the two species appears to rest in a readjustment of the photobiology of Zygnema, while Mesotaenium experiences stress beyond a tipping point.

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The extracellular matrix of green algae

Cited by 17 publications

References 201 publications

DYRKP kinase regulates cell wall degradation in Chlamydomonas by inducing matrix metalloproteinase expression

DYRKP kinase regulates cell wall degradation in Chlamydomonas by inducing matrix metalloproteinase expression

The Ethyl Acetate Extract of Caulerpa microphysa Promotes Collagen Homeostasis and Inhibits Inflammation in the Skin

Divergent responses in desiccation experiments in two ecophysiologically different Zygnematophyceae

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