The Extracts of <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> Inhibit Melanogenesis through the ERK Signaling Pathway

Tsao, Yu-Tzu; Kuo, Chun-Yu; Kuan, Yu‐Hsiang; Lin, Hui-Chen; Wu, Li-Hsien; Lee, Che‐Hsin

doi:10.7150/ijms.20335

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…One study reported that inhibited MSK1 activation may disrupt the synthesis of melanin [ 30 ]. MAPK pathway modulates the transcription activity of MITF and plays important role in melanin synthesis [ 31 , 32 ]. Extracts of Astragalus membranaceus increased the level of ERK phosphorylation and inhibited the production of melanin in a previous study [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MAPK pathway modulates the transcription activity of MITF and plays important role in melanin synthesis [ 31 , 32 ]. Extracts of Astragalus membranaceus increased the level of ERK phosphorylation and inhibited the production of melanin in a previous study [ 31 ]. Here, reduced expression of MITF was related to inhibiting phosphorylation of ERK.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sesamol Inhibited Melanogenesis by Regulating Melanin-Related Signal Transduction in B16F10 Cells

You

Liu

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Melanin is synthesized through a series of interactions catalyzed by melanogenic enzymes such as tyrosinase, dopachrome tautomerase (tyrosinase-related protein-2; TRP-2), and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). Tyrosinase plays a key role in catalysing the initial and limiting steps of melanogenesis. The melanin that results from melanogenesis has the protective effect of absorbing ultraviolet radiation. However, overproduction of melanin, in addition to altering the appearance of skin, may lead to skin disorders such as melasma, solar lentigo, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Previous studies have revealed that sesamol is a strong antioxidant and a free radical scavenger. In this study, we investigated the effects of sesamol on the regulation of melanogenesis and related mechanisms in B16F10 cells. The results indicated that sesamol inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis induced by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in B16F10 melanoma cells. Sesamol decreased the protein level of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, and TRP-1 by downregulating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathways that had been activated by α-MSH. Sesamol increased glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), protein kinase B (AKT), and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, thus inhibiting the transcription of MITF. Sesamol also inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase expression by modulating ERK, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, p38, and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathways. These results indicate that sesamol acted as a potent depigmenting agent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sesamol Inhibited Melanogenesis by Regulating Melanin-Related Signal Transduction in B16F10 Cells

You

Liu

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA) was used to measure the protein content. Proteins were separated by using SDS-PAGE (8%) and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes 12 . The primary antibodies IDO (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA), mTOR (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), phosphorylation-mTOR (Cell Signaling), protein kinase B (AKT) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Santa Cruz, CA, USA), phosphorylation-AKT (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), p70S6K (Cell Signaling), phosphorylation-p70S6K (Cell Signaling), and β-actin (Sigma Aldrich)) were used to detect the protein expression.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eicosapentaenoic acid reduces indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression in tumor cells

Wang

Yang

et al. 2018

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Marine plants and animals have omega-3 fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). EPA is required for biological processes, but humans are unable to synthesize them and must be obtained from dietary sources. EPA has been used as an antitumor agent but the molecular mechanisms for the regulation of tumor microenvironment immunity by EPA are still unknown. The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) catalyzes conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine to induce immune evasion in tumor microenvironment. In this study, EPA inhibited the expression of IDO via downregulation of protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in tumor cells. Meanwhile, a significant decrease in kynurenine levels and increase in T cell survival were observed after tumor cells treated with EPA. The results demonstrated that EPA can activate host antitumor immunity by inhibiting tumor IDO expression. Therefore, our finding suggests that EPA can be enormous potential for cancer immunotherapy.

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“…Loliolide and Pj-EE decreased the phosphorylation of CREB protein in the MC1R signaling pathway as well as the expression of MITF and tyrosinase proteins in B16F10 cells ( Figure 3 d and Figure 4 i). Although testing the phosphorylation level of MITF is important to check its involvement in this process [ 40 ], the fact that p-CREB was suppressed by loliolide and Pj-EE led us to consider that controlling expression of MITF by CREB activity ( Figure 3 d and Figure 4 i) is major inhibitory mode of action. This result raised the possibility that loliolide and Pj-EE may modulate the MC1R signaling pathway for the activation of CREB to mediate anti-melanogenic effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress-Protective and Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Loliolide and Ethanol Extract from Fresh Water Green Algae, Prasiola japonica

Park

Choi

Kim

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Loliolide is a monoterpenoid hydroxylactone found in many algae, including fresh water green algae, Prasiola japonica. To date, loliolide and compounds in P. japonica have not been studied systematically with respect to skin pharmacology. In this study, we investigated oxidative stress-protective and anti-melanogenic effects of loliolide and P. japonica ethanol extract (Pj-EE), known to contain loliolide, in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells and mouse melanoma (B16F10) cells. Loliolide suppressed the transcription of genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMPS), which were induced in HaCaT cells by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment. Loliolide and Pj-EE not only reduced the melanin secretion and content in B16F10 cells but also increased the expression of the antioxidant proteins nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in HaCaT cells subjected to H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, loliolide and Pj-EE decreased expression of the anti-melanogenic protein microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase in B16F10 cells subjected to α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) treatment. Our findings demonstrate that loliolide and Pj-EE have antioxidant and anti-melanogenic effects on skin.

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The Extracts of Astragalus membranaceus Inhibit Melanogenesis through the ERK Signaling Pathway

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Sesamol Inhibited Melanogenesis by Regulating Melanin-Related Signal Transduction in B16F10 Cells

Sesamol Inhibited Melanogenesis by Regulating Melanin-Related Signal Transduction in B16F10 Cells

Eicosapentaenoic acid reduces indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression in tumor cells

Oxidative Stress-Protective and Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Loliolide and Ethanol Extract from Fresh Water Green Algae, Prasiola japonica

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