The extracts of <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> enhance chemosensitivity and reduce tumor indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase expression

Phacharapiyangkul, Naphichaya; Wu, Li-Hsien; Lee, Wei-Ya; Kuo, Yau‐Hwang; Wu, Yueh‐Jung; Liou, Huei-Pu; Tsai, Yung-En; Lee, Che‐Hsin

doi:10.7150/ijms.33106

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Dr. Sheu and his colleagues, the experts in the field, found that hinokitiol inhibits tumor cell migration via blocking the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) [15]. Our findings verified that the expression of phosphorylated Akt/Erk is decreased in hinokitiol-treated B16F10 and 4T1 tumor cells, which is consistent with the results published by other groups [15][16][17][18][19]. We also used resveratrol and constitutively active Akt transfection to make a thorough inquiry on the association of heparanase and these two pathways.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Murine melanoma cells (B16F10) [16] and murine mammary carcinoma (4T1) cells [17] were maintained in 10cm culture dish with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin (100 units/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin), and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Both B16F10 and 4T1 cells were incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2.…”

Section: Cell Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Hinokitiol reduces tumor metastasis by inhibiting heparanase via extracellular signal-regulated kinase and protein kinase B pathway

Hsu

et al. 2020

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Heparanase cleaves the extracellular matrix by degrading heparan sulfate that ultimately leads to cell invasion and metastasis; a condition that causes high mortality among cancer patients. Many of the anticancer drugs available today are natural products of plant origin, such as hinokitiol. In the previous report, it was revealed that hinokitiol plays an essential role in anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation processes and promote apoptosis or autophagy resulting to the inhibition of tumor growth and differentiation. Therefore, this study explored the effects of hinokitiol on the cancer-promoting pathway in mouse melanoma (B16F10) and breast (4T1) cancer cells, with emphasis on heparanase expression. We detected whether hinokitiol can elicit anti-metastatic effects on cancer cells via wound healing and Transwell assays. Besides, mice experiment was conducted to observe the impact of hinokitiol in vivo. Our results show that hinokitiol can inhibit the expression of heparanase by reducing the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK). Furthermore, in vitro cell migration assay showed that heparanase downregulation by hinokitiol led to a decrease in metastatic activity which is consistent with the findings in the in vivo experiment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Cell Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Hinokitiol reduces tumor metastasis by inhibiting heparanase via extracellular signal-regulated kinase and protein kinase B pathway

Hsu

et al. 2020

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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“…Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used in clinical therapy and health care. It has been reported to exert a wide range of biological activities, such as enhanced immune functions [ 24 ], strengthened cardiac functions [ 25 ], antidiabetic properties [ 26 ], and antitumor [ 27 ], antiviral [ 28 ], antioxidant [ 29 , 30 ], and longevity effects [ 31 ]. In recent years, several studies have found that AM exhibits also anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the secretion of inflammatory factors [ 32 – 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astragalus membranaceusInjection Suppresses Production of Interleukin-6 by Activating Autophagy through the AMPK-mTOR Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages

Zhang

Tang

Yang

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Astragalus membranaceus (AM), used in traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to enhance immune functions, and recently, its anti-inflammatory effects were identified. However, the mechanisms of action remain unclear. Most studies have shown that autophagy might be involved in the immune response of the body, including inflammation. Here, we developed an inflammatory model by stimulating macrophages with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to explore the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanisms of AM injection from the perspective of the regulation of autophagy. Immunoblot, immunofluorescence, and ELISA were used to determine the effects of AM injection on the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and alterations of autophagy markers. It was found that AM injection reduced the expression of IL-6 in LPS-stimulated macrophages and reversed the LPS-induced inhibition of cellular autophagy. After treatment with inhibitors of signaling pathways, it was shown that LPS downregulated autophagy and upregulated the production of IL-6 in macrophages via the protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. AM injection reversed the effects of LPS by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) instead of inhibiting Akt. These results were further confirmed by testing activators and siRNA silencing of AMPK. Hence, these 2 distinct signaling molecules appear to exert opposite effects on mTOR, which integrates information from multiple upstream signaling pathways, negatively regulating autophagy. In addition, we demonstrated that autophagy might play a key role in regulating the production of IL-6 by testing activators and inhibitors of autophagy and siRNA silencing of ATG5. These findings showed that AM injection might enhance autophagy by activating AMPK and might further play a repressive effect on the LPS-stimulated expression of IL-6. This study explored the relationship between autophagy, signaling pathways, and the production of inflammatory factors in a model of endotoxin infection and treatment with AM injection.

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“…Astragalus polysaccharide is the main active component in the dried root extract of Astragalus membranaceus, and it has been shown that Astragalus polysaccharide has pharmacological effects of regulating inflammatory cascade, antitumor [19], and immune modulation [20], and recent experimental results have confirmed that Astragalus polysaccharide can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells through various mechanisms. APS, as one of the main active components of Astragalus, has important pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor and immune modulation [21].…”

Section: Tumor Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Careolizumab combined with chemotherapy and astragalus polysaccharide(APS) in patients with intermediate to advanced NSCLC and effects on lymphocyte subsets, regulatory T cells and serum tumor markers

Dong

Wan

2023

Preprint

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Objctive:To observe the recent efficacy of the combination group on patients with intermediate to advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the effects on lymphocyte subsets, regulatory T cells, serum cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods:188 patients with intermediate to advanced NSCLC admitted to our hospital from August 2021 to April 2023 were selected, and the patients were simply randomly divided into a combination group and a control group. The control group was treated with chemotherapy regimen, and the combination group was treated with Carelizumab and astragalus polysaccharide on top of it. The recent efficacy, lymphocyte subsets (B, NK, CD3+,CD4+, CD4+/CD8+), regulatory T cells (CD4+Treg) , serum tumor markers CYFRA21-1, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tumor antigen 125 (CA125), neurospecific enolase (NSE)] and angiogenic indexes (Ang-2, VEGF). Results:The total effective rate of recent clinical efficacy in the combined group after treatment was 69.15%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (38.3%) (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of B, NK, CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were reduced in both groups, and the levels in the combined group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); the levels of CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125 and NSE were reduced in both groups, and the levels in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); the levels of Ang-2 and The levels of Ang-2 and VEGF were reduced in both groups, and the levels of Ang-2 and VEGF in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Progression-free survival was higher in the combination group than in the control group (95% CI, 1.468-4.278; Log-rank P < 0.0001; HR, 2.506). Conclusion: Carelizumab combined with chemotherapy and astragalus polysaccharide has definite near-term efficacy in patients with intermediate to advanced NSCLC, and can reduce the impact on immune function, prolong patients' progression-free survival, significantly improve serum tumor marker levels and play a certain inhibitory effect on angiogenesis.

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The extracts of Astragalus membranaceus enhance chemosensitivity and reduce tumor indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase expression

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Hinokitiol reduces tumor metastasis by inhibiting heparanase via extracellular signal-regulated kinase and protein kinase B pathway

Hinokitiol reduces tumor metastasis by inhibiting heparanase via extracellular signal-regulated kinase and protein kinase B pathway

Astragalus membranaceusInjection Suppresses Production of Interleukin-6 by Activating Autophagy through the AMPK-mTOR Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages

Efficacy of Careolizumab combined with chemotherapy and astragalus polysaccharide(APS) in patients with intermediate to advanced NSCLC and effects on lymphocyte subsets, regulatory T cells and serum tumor markers

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