The Extrageniculate Visual Pathway Generates Distinct Response Properties in the Higher Visual Areas of Mice

Abstract

The preservation of visual property differences among the higher visual areas following V1 lesions and their loss following SC lesions indicate that pathways from the SC through the thalamus to higher cortical areas are sufficient to support these differences.

Topography and Areal Organization of Mouse Visual Cortex

“…We show that retinotopic mapping with intrinsic signal imaging combined with objective analytical tools provides a means for targeting mouse visual areas, even when they are too small or too variable in their location to be targeted by approaches such as stereotaxic coordinates. Furthermore, rodent visual areas contain significant biases in both response properties (Andermann et al, 2011;Marshel et al, 2011;Tohmi et al, 2014) and visual field coverage (this study). This functional specialization is likely to be governed by parallel circuits (Glickfeld et al, 2013) and serve to guide adaptive behaviors.…”

“…Together, these studies have shown up to 10 distinct visual maps. Response properties have been investigated in seven of these areas, demonstrating unique representations of spatiotemporal features (Andermann et al, 2011;Marshel et al, 2011;Roth et al, 2012;Glickfeld et al, 2013;Tohmi et al, 2014). Cortical and subcortical projection patterns also suggest parallel pathways, comparable with the dorsal and ventral streams observed in other species (Wang et al, 2011(Wang et al, , 2012Wang and Burkhalter, 2013).…”

“…The coverage profiles from the areas found in the average map ( capture the majority of topographic compartments of the mouse visual cortex. Although a few studies have targeted recordings to higher areas using retinotopic mapping with intrinsic signal imaging (Andermann et al, 2011;Marshel et al, 2011;Glickfeld et al, 2013;Tohmi et al, 2014), none has quantitatively determined the borders between areas. Interpreting areal organization from retinotopy is especially challenging in the mouse where maps can be small, clustered, or distorted, emphasizing the need for a rigorous, unbiased method.…”

“…Various methods have used retinotopy to explore the layout of visual areas in the mouse, including electrophysiology (Dräger, 1975;Wagor et al, 1980;Wang and Burkhalter, 2007), anatomical tracing (Wang and Burkhalter, 2007), intrinsic signal imaging (Schuett et al, 2002;Kalatsky and Stryker, 2003;Pisauro et al, 2013;Sato et al, 2014;Tohmi et al, 2014), voltage-sensitive dye imaging (Polack and Contreras, 2012), and two-photon calcium imaging (Andermann et al, 2011;Marshel et al, 2011). Together, these studies have shown up to 10 distinct visual maps.…”

Large-scale imaging of cortical dynamics during sensory perception and behavior

“…The mouse is a prime model system for understanding cortical circuits due to the genetic tools available (Luo et al 2008;O'Connor et al 2009), as well as the development of behavioral paradigms to probe sensory and cognitive function (Carandini and Churchland 2013). Whereas recent studies have used both intrinsic signal imaging and GCaMP3 to generate static maps of sensory topography in the mouse (Andermann et al 2011;Issa et al 2014;Marshel et al 2011;Tohmi et al 2014), these methods have not shown the sensitivity and temporal resolution necessary to track activity at the time scale of behavior.…”