The extreme-pressure lubricating properties of some sulphides and disulphides, in mineral oil, as assessed by the Four-Ball Machine

Davey, W.G.; Edwards, Elizabeth D.

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(58)90002-4

Cited by 73 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Sulfur additives are well-known for their strong extreme-pressure (EP) and antiwear (AW) characteristics [1][2][3][4]. In addition, some of them have anti-oxidation properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and physico-chemical study of sulfur additives effect in milling of high strength steel

Bierla¹,

Fromentin²,

Minfray³

et al. 2012

Wear

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Most machining operations require the presence of a cutting fluid in order to ensure their success due to the intensity of thermal and mechanical conditions generated on the cutting tools. In some cases of severe machining, the fluid contributes to lubrication in a physicochemical way thanks to the additives it contains. This study aims to analyze the tribochemical mechanisms of lubrication during milling operations and subsequently at optimizing the lubricant formulation. The objective of this study is also to identify and to compare, the performance of various Extreme Pressure (EP) sulfur-containing additives, and to understand their action mechanisms in metal cutting. Physico-chemical analyses are carried out by means of Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) with the purpose of detecting the nature of additive reaction products on the surfaces involved in cutting and correlating them with the milling results. The polysulfide additive is found to exhibit the best efficiency (decrease of specific cutting energy and tool wear) in the tested milling conditions. A correlation is found between the additive chemical reactivity and the milling test results.

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“…Sulfur additives are well-known for their strong extreme-pressure (EP) and antiwear (AW) characteristics [1][2][3][4]. In addition, some of them have anti-oxidation properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and physico-chemical study of sulfur additives effect in milling of high strength steel

Bierla¹,

Fromentin²,

Minfray³

et al. 2012

Wear

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“…The mechanism of lubrication under the EP conditions by sulfurized additives is said to depend on the formation of a film of iron sulfide due to controlled chemical reactions of these additives with the rubbing surfaces. This reduces the wear and damage to rubbing surfaces [2][3][4][5]. Many studies have been reported on the chemical nature, elemental compositions, and kinetics of the EP films formed by the sulfur-bearing additives [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Tribofilm from Sulfurized Mohwa Oil

Singh

2011

ISRN Mechanical Engineering

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The reaction products of sulfurized Mohwa oil with iron powder in hydrocarbon medium at 150 • C for 8 h were studied to investigate the type of lubricant films formed during their application as antiwear and extreme pressure additives. The main reaction product was isolated on the basis of its solubility in mixed solvent. Surface characterization was carried out using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and high frequency reciprocal rig (HFRR). An examination of their elemental analysis and instrumental analysis data reveals that there is reduction in the length of the alkyl chains and carbonyl ester groups with formation of inorganic iron sulfides. Polymerized product with a number of ketonic and aldehydic groups containing iron and sulfur in the polymeric films in the form of unsaturated cyclic rings was also formed. The films are organo-inorganic in nature, unlike the purely inorganic iron sulfide type. The load-carrying characteristic of this product is strongly influenced by the type of the film formed on the iron surfaces.

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“…The mechanism and mode of action of anti-friction, antiwear and E.P. additives have been extensively reported during the past several decades [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. These studies fall into three distinct categories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The suggested mechanism of action of these additives is considered to involve formation of simple inorganic or organic moieties comprising metal sulfides, phosphates, mercaptides and carboxylates [1,2,4,[9][10][11][12] as surface films which are supposed to be easily sheared or have slipplanes and defect structures causing reduction in wear and friction under various conditions of loads and speeds [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti wear and anti friction characteristics of tribochemical films of alkyl octa-decenoates and their derivatives

Chibber

Chaudhary

Tyagi

et al. 2005

Lubrication Science

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The wear, friction and film forming characteristic of ethyl octadecenoate and methyl 12-hydroxy ocatadecenoates, their thio and thiopyrophosphoro derivatives have been studied on HFRR friction and wear machine. The structural characteristics of chemisorbed films formed on the iron surfaces by these derivatives have been investigated using various analytical techniques such FT-IR, Microreflectance Absorption and Proton Magnetic Resonance. It has been inferred that these films are primarily organic in nature. The constituents of these films are hydroxy alkyl and aryl ethers, unsaturated and condensed ring hydroxy ketones, aromatic hydroxy quinones and highly condensed aromatic structures chemically linked to iron sufaces through hydroxy, oxy, thia, oxyphosphoro and thiophosphoro moieties forming chelated and coordinated complexes.The antiwear and antifriction characteristic of alkyl octadecenoates increase with increasing polar linkages in the alkyl ocatadecenoate backbone. This is primarily due to the increase in number of sites amenable to chemisorption on the surfaces and consequently their reactivity. The antiwear and antifriction characteristic of derivatives of ethyl octadecenoates are inferior to the corresponding 12-hydroxy methyl octadecenoates derivatives. This can be attributed to increased reactivity of 12-hydroxy methyl octadecenoates derivatives at the surfaces due to an additional hydroxyl moiety. The films formed are highly condensed ring aromatic layered structures coordinating to iron atoms of the surface particularly in case of thiopyrophosphoro derivatives of methyl 12-hydroxy octadecenoates. These films, as a consequence, provide lower wear and friction characteristics as compared to other types of organic films. These studies have led to much clear evidence of the intimate relationship between the chemical structure of the additives and their film forming characteristics.

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The extreme-pressure lubricating properties of some sulphides and disulphides, in mineral oil, as assessed by the Four-Ball Machine

Cited by 73 publications

References 3 publications

Mechanical and physico-chemical study of sulfur additives effect in milling of high strength steel

Mechanical and physico-chemical study of sulfur additives effect in milling of high strength steel

Characterization of Tribofilm from Sulfurized Mohwa Oil

Anti wear and anti friction characteristics of tribochemical films of alkyl octa-decenoates and their derivatives

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