The exudative diathesis produced by torula yeast

Dam, Henrik; Nielsen, Gunhild Kofoed; Prange, I.; Søndergaard, E.

doi:10.1007/bf02159416

Cited by 31 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In view of the above, we fed newborn chicks an EDproducing diet and tested the efficacy of various flavonoids and phenolic compounds in preventing the disorder. Exudative diathesis was chosen as this vitamin E-selenium condition develops as a consequence of a pathological increase in capillary permeability (Dam et al, 1957) and in view of the reported effectiveness of flavonoids in preventing or alleviating capillary fragility and permeability conditions (Fahey and Jung, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of various flavonoids and simple phenolics on development of exudative diathesis in the chick

Jenkins¹,

Hidiroglou²,

Collins³

1993

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Three-day-old broiler chicks were fed a diet containing low concentrations of selenium and vitamin E for 21 days to produce exudative diathesis. Dietary supplements (1000 mg/kg) of various flavonoids and simple phenolics were tested for their protectiveness against the disorder. Two of the flavonoids, rutin and silymarin, markedly reduced the incidence and severity of exudative diathesis, while three other flavonoids (catechin, quercetin, and morin) and both of the simple phenolics tested (p-coumaric and ferulic acids) provided no protection. The results indicated that protection against exudates by rutin and silymarin was not the result of their direct action as antioxidants or enhanced utilization of selenium or vitamin E. It is generally considered that flavonoids are successful in reducing vascular disorders in humans by strengthening fibrous membranes. A similar effect may have occurred here in reducing exudative diathesis, a disorder that results from a pathological increase in capillary permeability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of various flavonoids and simple phenolics on development of exudative diathesis in the chick

Jenkins¹,

Hidiroglou²,

Collins³

1993

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Thompson and Scott (1968) Gilchrist (1971) has reported that Se-responsive disorders have appeared in replacement layer and broiler flocks in all major strains of birds and for rations from all the major feed suppliers. The presence of encephalomalacia was diagnosed and found to be responsive to Se but not completely responsive to vitamin E. This is in contrast to numerous reports that vitamin E, but not selenium, is effectiver against encephalomalacia (Dam et al 1957 Ames and Swanson 1958;Bieri and Briggs 1959; National Research Council \91I). In clinically affected commercial replacement flocks, Se (sodium selenite) at 1 ppm in the drinking water for 4 d was reported to be effective therapy.…”

Section: Mastitis-metritis-agalactia (Mma)mentioning

confidence: 72%

A Review of Selenium/Vitamin E Responsive Problems in Livestock: A Case for Selenium as a Feed Additive in Canada

Jenkins¹,

Hidiroglou²

1972

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Dam ct a1. (3) reported that samples of Tortila yeast contained considerably more lipid than we had found, and they postulated that the unsaturated nature of the lipid could account for the anti-vit. E effect of the yeast.…”

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confidence: 86%

Acceleration of Vitamin E Deficiency by Torula Yeast. II. Effect of Torula Yeast Ash and Lipid

Bieri¹,

Briggs²,

Pollard³

1958

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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In previous publications from this laboratory it was shown that addition of 7.5-307C of Torziln yeast to purified diets which were free of vit. E and selenium caused an increase in incidence and in rate of development of exudative diathesis in chicks( 1.2). Part of the anti-vit. E property of Tortrln yeast was found to be due to the inorganic fraction. whereas no effect was apparent with the lipid from the yeast. Subsequently. Dam ct a1. (3) reported that samples of Tortila yeast contained considerably more lipid than we had found, and they postulated that the unsaturated nature of the lipid could account for the anti-vit. E effect of the yeast. It is here shown that both the inorganic and lipid fractions of Torulu yeast have anti-vit. E effects. and further. that a combination of the lipid and the ash of Torulrr yeast will duplicate the exudate-promoting properties of the whole yeast. The relatively high unsaturated fat content of the yeast reported by Dam cf ul.( 3 ) is confirmed.Feed grade Torula yeast" was used in all studies. Ashes of the yeast were prepared by incineration in a muffle furnace at 250°C for 2-3 hours, then at 550°C: overnight. Average yield was 7%. Khen a fisative was used. magnesium carbonate equal to 8% of the weight of yeast was first mixed with the yeast. For isolation of the lipid from Torula yeast, 1200 g of yeast were mixed with 1200 ml of 95% ethanol and 6 1 of 6N HCI. After refluxing for 1% hours the mixture was cooled, 3 1 of ethanol added. and extracted in batches with a 1:l mixture of benzenepetroleum ether. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the dark brown oil dissolved in ethanol to facilitate mixing in the diets. To characterize the lipid fractions of yeast. 25 g samples of yeast were extracted with chloroform in a soxhlet apparatus. The materialMethods.-_.. *Feed grade lN, Lake Stgtes Yeast Corp. -obtained was labelled "free lipid". The extracted yeast was then refluxed for 2 hours with 5 r\; h'aOH,t cooled, neutralized with HCl and extracted successively with petroleum ether, diethyl ether and benzene. The combined extracts were washed with water, dried over Xa2S04 and evaporated to dryness in ZYZCUO. The residue was dissolved in hexane, filtered and the solvent removed. This material was called "bound lipid." The fatty acids from the free and bound lipids were obtained after saponification and analyzed for polyunsaturation by a modification of the alkali conjugation method of Wiese and Hansen(4). In the nutritional studies, day old Sew Hampshire chicks, 8 per group, were fed diet C47A(2) but with an additional 0.2% DL-methionine. This diet, designated C47B, contained in % : soybean protein$ 28, cerelose 61, vit. E-free lard6 4, salts A 6, DL-methionine 0.8, and vitamin mix 0.2. Additions to this diet, were a t the expense of cerelose. The chicks were housed in electrically heated batteries and permitted food and water ad libitum After the 14th day, they were inspected daily for symptoms of exudative diathesis. Experimental periods were 28 days. In evaluating the symptom...

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The exudative diathesis produced by torula yeast

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of various flavonoids and simple phenolics on development of exudative diathesis in the chick

Influence of various flavonoids and simple phenolics on development of exudative diathesis in the chick

A Review of Selenium/Vitamin E Responsive Problems in Livestock: A Case for Selenium as a Feed Additive in Canada

Acceleration of Vitamin E Deficiency by Torula Yeast. II. Effect of Torula Yeast Ash and Lipid

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