The EXWAVE JIP: Improved Procedures to Calculate Slowly Varying Wave Drift Forces on Floating Units in Extreme Seas

Larsen

et al. 2018

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Model tests have been performed with four mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs) with the aim of identifying wave drift forces and low frequency damping. The MODUs configuration is different, namely on the number and diameter of columns, therefore the sample is representative of many of the existing concepts. The model scale is the same as well as the wave and current conditions. The experimental program includes irregular waves with systematic variations of the significant wave height, wave peak period, current velocity and vessel heading. The test data is post-processed to identify the surge and sway quadratic transfer functions (QTFs) of the slowly varying excitation, together with the linearized low frequency damping. The post-processing applies a nonlinear data analysis technique known as “cross-bi-spectral analysis” to estimate characteristics of second-order (quadratic) responses from the measured motions and undisturbed incident wave elevation. The empirical QTFs are then compared with numerical predictions to conclude on the role of viscous drift and the applicability of Newman’s approximation for calculation of drift forces in irregular waves. Finally, the empirical drift forces, empirical low frequency damping coefficients and low frequency motions statistics are compared for the three MODUs to conclude on the relation between the Semi configuration and the low frequency responses.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Frequency Excitation and Damping of Four MODUs in Severe Seastates With Current

Larsen

et al. 2018

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“…where (0) is the mean wave drift force, (1) ( ) is the force response component linear with respect to the undisturbed incident wave elevation ζ ( ) and it may be expressed as function of the complex Fourier transform of ζ ( ) and of the complex linear force transfer function, namely ( ) and (1) ( ): (1)…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave Drift Forces and Low Frequency Damping on the Exwave Semi-Submersible

2017

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The paper presents realistic horizontal wave drift force coefficients and low frequency damping coefficients for the Exwave semi-submersible under severe seastates. The analysis includes conditions with collinear waves and current. Model test data is used to identify the difference frequency wave exciting force coefficients based on a second order signal analysis technique. First, the slowly varying excitation is estimated from the relationship between the incoming wave and the low frequency motion using a linear oscillator. Then, the full quadratic transfer function (QTF) of the difference frequency wave exciting forces is defined from the relationship between the incoming waves and the second order force response. The process identifies also the linear low frequency damping. The paper presents results from cases selected from the EXWAVE JIP test matrix. The empirical wave drift coefficients are compared to potential flow predictions and to coefficients from a semi-empirical formula. The results show that the potential flow predictions largely underestimate the wave drift forces, especially at the low frequency range where severe seastates have most of the energy.

“…The EXWAVE Joint Industry Project (EXWAVE JIP -Wave forces on floating units in extreme seas) objective was to investigate extreme wave forces on floating units which may lead to overloading of mooring line, with emphasis on slowly varying wave exciting forces and related low frequency motions (Fonseca et al 2016. The motivation to initiate the JIP was the considerable number of incidents with mooring line failures reported until around 2015 -see for example Kvitrud (2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of a Time-Domain Numerical Hydrodynamic Model for Mooring Analysis of a Semi-Submersible

2018

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The paper presents calibration of a time domain numerical model for the motions of the Exwave Semi in high seastates with current. The time domain equations of motion combine linear radiation, linear diffraction and second order wave drift forces, based on MULDIF diffraction code, with nonlinear forces from quadratic damping and from the mooring system. Calibration is performed by comparing simulations with model test data and adjusting hydrodynamic coefficients known to be affected by uncertainty. These include wave drift force coefficients, damping and added mass coefficients. Correction of the drift coefficients is based on empirical quadratic transfer functions (QTFs) identified from the test data by a nonlinear data analysis technique known as “cross-bi-spectral analysis”. Initial “uncalibrated” numerical models are based on input from the mooring, vessel mass, MULDIF hydrodynamic analysis, decay tests and current coefficients. They need adjustments for surge and sway. Empirical drift coefficients, natural periods and damping coefficients are then adjusted by matching low frequency surge and sway spectra. Wave-frequency coefficients need no adjustment. Low frequency wave drift forces, damping and added mass need increase in high sea states, in particular with current. Final motion simulations show 30%–40% underestimation in initial simulations, while final calibrated simulations are close to the measured records.