The eye in child abuse

Christian, Cindy W.; Binenbaum, Gil

doi:10.1007/s00381-022-05610-8

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 84 publications

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“…The most common pediatric eye emergencies include eyebrow and eyelid lacerations, contusions of the eye area, eye pain, and visual disturbances (Miller et al, 2018). Because eye injuries may result from child maltreatment, maintain a high degree of suspicion when assessing children with ocular injuries (Christian & Binenbaum, 2022). Sports-related injury is a frequent etiology in pediatric eye trauma among children aged 10-17 (Kim et al, 2022;Miller et al, 2018;Patel et al, 2023).…”

Section: Etiology Of Eye Trauma Across the Lifespanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmologic Emergencies

Evans,

Hoyt

2023

Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal

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There are an estimated 2–3 million emergency department (ED) visits in the United States for eye complaints. Although most patients who present to the ED have nontraumatic eye complaints, many seek treatment for eye trauma, which is a leading cause of unilateral blindness and vison impairment. Given the prevalence of eye-related emergencies, it is imperative that emergency care providers understand how to recognize and treat eye complaints to prevent permanent vision loss and disability. This article covers basic eye anatomy and physiology, discusses a systematic approach to the eye examination, and presents the evidence-based treatment of selected, common nonemergent and emergent eye complaints. For each complaint, essential history questions, examination techniques, differentials, and emergency management have been presented.

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Section: Etiology Of Eye Trauma Across the Lifespanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmologic Emergencies

Evans,

Hoyt

2023

Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal

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Ophthalmic imaging in abusive head trauma

Macher

Porter

Levin

2023

Child Abuse & Neglect

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The Eye Examination in the Evaluation of Child Abuse

Christian

Levin

Flaherty³

et al. 2018

Pediatrics

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Child abuse can cause injury to any part of the eye. The most common manifestations are retinal hemorrhages (RHs) in infants and young children with abusive head trauma (AHT). Although RHs are an important indicator of possible AHT, they are also found in other conditions. Distinguishing the number, type, location, and pattern of RHs is important in evaluating a differential diagnosis. Eye trauma can be seen in cases of physical abuse or AHT and may prompt referral for ophthalmologic assessment. Physicians have a responsibility to consider abuse in the differential diagnosis of pediatric eye trauma. Identification and documentation of inflicted ocular trauma requires a thorough examination by an ophthalmologist, including indirect ophthalmoscopy, most optimally through a dilated pupil, especially for the evaluation of possible RHs. An eye examination is helpful in detecting abnormalities that can help identify a medical or traumatic etiology for previously well young children who experience unexpected and unexplained mental status changes with no obvious cause, children with head trauma that results in significant intracranial hemorrhage and brain injury, and children with unexplained death.

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The eye in child abuse

Cited by 3 publications

References 84 publications

Ophthalmologic Emergencies

Ophthalmologic Emergencies

Ophthalmic imaging in abusive head trauma

The Eye Examination in the Evaluation of Child Abuse

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