The eyes of deep-sea fish I: Lens pigmentation, tapeta and visual pigments

Douglas, R. H.; Partridge, Julian C.; Marshall, N. Justin

doi:10.1016/s1350-9462(98)00002-0

Cited by 146 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Like the eye, the pupil and lens also scale with body size (figure 2b A reflective tapetum is located in the choroid, giving the escolar eye a yellow-green eye-shine when viewed in daylight. If present, the retinal tapetum in teleosts is usually situated in the pigment epithelium-a choroidal tapetum is more common in sharks and rays [21]. Nonetheless, a choroidal tapetum is sometimes found in teleost species, one of them being another snake mackerel, the oilfish (Ruvettus pretiosus) [22].…”

Section: Results (A) the Escolar Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another area of higher acuity is found temporally, viewing the world in front of the animal. Peak density in this area is around 600 ganglion cells mm 22 giving an acuity of 4.4 cycles deg 21 . As a comparison, the healthy human eye has an acuity of around 60 cycles deg 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These species feed on slow-moving prey however, and as a consequence do not require high resolution of distant objects. More actively hunting fishes inhabiting the reef, and open waters around the reef, have acuities as high as 27 cycles deg 21 . There is however, another very large open-ocean fish that also has a similar acuity: the blue marlin (Makaira nigricans).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The visual ecology of a deep-sea fish, the escolar Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843)

Landgren

Fritsches

Brill

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum, family Gempylidae) are large and darkly coloured deep-sea predatory fish found in the cold depths (more than 200 m) during the day and in warm surface waters at night. They have large eyes and an overall low density of retinal ganglion cells that endow them with a very high optical sensitivity. Escolar have banked retinae comprising six to eight layers of rods to increase the optical path length for maximal absorption of the incoming light. Their retinae possess two main areae of higher ganglion cell density, one in the ventral retina viewing the dorsal world above (with a moderate acuity of 4.6 cycles deg 21 ), and the second in the temporal retina viewing the frontal world ahead. Electrophysiological recordings of the flicker fusion frequency (FFF) in isolated retinas indicate that escolar have slow vision, with maximal FFF at the highest light levels and temperatures (around 9 Hz at 238C) which fall to 1-2 Hz in dim light or cooler temperatures. Our results suggest that escolar are slowly moving sit-and-wait predators. In dim, warm surface waters at night, their slow vision, moderate dorsal resolution and highly sensitive eyes may allow them to surprise prey from below that are silhouetted in the downwelling light.

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Section: Results (A) the Escolar Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The visual ecology of a deep-sea fish, the escolar Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843)

Landgren

Fritsches

Brill

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Benthic organisms that appear reddish under visible light conditions, therefore, would appear black in colour at the sublittoral bottom. Laqueus rubellus and other associated organisms on the outer shelf of Suruga Bay should appear dark in colour in their natural habitat, making it possible for them to go unrecognised by the eyes of macropredators such as fish and squid [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Optical Evasion From Macropredatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almost all deepsea fishes have eyes that are sensitive to light in the blueto-green visible spectrum because these wavelengths can penetrate deeply into the ocean [24]. Malacosteids, however, have retinal pigments that are particularly sensitive to red light, and these fishes have been compared to snipers armed with infrared "snooperscopes" at night [25,26].…”

Section: Optical Evasion From Macropredatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stealth Effect of Red Shell in Laqueus rubellus (Brachiopoda, Terebratulida) on the Sea Bottom: An Evolutionary Insight into the Prey-Predator Interaction

Shiino

Kitazawa

2012

ISRN Zoology

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The selective advantage of empire red coloration in the shell of Laqueus rubellus (a terebratulid brachiopod) was examined in terms of prey-predator interactions. The study was based on a comparison of benthic suspension feeders living at a depth of about 130 m in Suruga Bay, Japan, with special reference to their visibility under visible and near-infrared light conditions. Almost all species exhibited red coloration under visible light, while only the shell of Laqueus was dark under infrared light, similar to rocks and bioclasts. Given the functional eyes of macropredators such as fishes and coleoids, which are specialized to detect light in the blue-to-green visible spectrum, and even the long-wavelength photoreceptors of malacosteids, Laqueus should avoid both visible and infrared detection by predators inhabiting the sublittoral bottom zone. This fact suggests that terebratulids have evolved the ability to remain essentially invisible even as the optic detection abilities of predators have improved. The present hypothesis leads to the possibility that the appearance of marine organisms is associated with the passive defensive strategy, making possible to provide a lower predation risk.

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40 Jahre G‐Quartetts: von 5′‐GMP zur Molekularbiologie und Supramolekularen Chemie

Davis

2004

Angewandte Chemie

234

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Die molekulare Selbstorganisation spielt bei vielen Prozessen in der Biologie und der Supramolekularen Chemie eine zentrale Rolle. Das G‐Quartett, ein durch Selbstorganisation von Guanosin an einem kationischen Templat gebildeter, wasserstoffverbrückter Makrocyclus, wurde erstmals 1962 als Basiseinheit der Aggregation von 5′‐Guanosinmonophosphat nachgewiesen. Inzwischen weiß man, dass viele Nucleoside, Oligonucleotide und synthetische Derivate eine Vielzahl funktionaler G‐Quartetts bilden. Das G‐Quartett spielt in vielen Bereichen eine Rolle, angefangen von der Strukturbiologie und der Medizinischen Chemie bis zur Supramolekularen Chemie und Nanotechnologie. Dieser Aufsatz fasst die Ergebnisse aus den unterschiedlichen Gebieten zusammen, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Struktur, der Funktion und der molekularen Erkennung des G‐Quartetts liegt.

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The eyes of deep-sea fish I: Lens pigmentation, tapeta and visual pigments

Cited by 146 publications

References 125 publications

The visual ecology of a deep-sea fish, the escolar Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843)

The visual ecology of a deep-sea fish, the escolar Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843)

Stealth Effect of Red Shell in Laqueus rubellus (Brachiopoda, Terebratulida) on the Sea Bottom: An Evolutionary Insight into the Prey-Predator Interaction

40 Jahre G‐Quartetts: von 5′‐GMP zur Molekularbiologie und Supramolekularen Chemie

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