The eyes test is influenced more by artistic inclination and less by sex

Guariglia, Paola; Piccardi, Laura; Giaimo, Flavio; Alaimo, Sofia; Miccichè, Giusy; Antonucci, Gabriella

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00292

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This is the reason why people in difficult situations tend to orient their attention toward core facial features, thus facilitating the recognition process. The Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RMEt) [12,13] was specifically developed to understand what happens when one must recognize others' mental states only through the expression in the eyes and surrounding region [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relapsing–remitting and secondary‐progressive multiple sclerosis patients differ in decoding others' emotions by their eyes

Argento

Spanò

Serra

et al. 2021

Euro J of Neurology

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Background and purpose Difficulties in emotion processing and social cognition identified in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have a potential impact on their adaptation to the social environment. We aimed to explore the neural correlates of emotion recognition in MS and possible differences between relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) patients by the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RMEt). Methods A total of 43 MS patients (27 RRMS, 16 SPMS) and 25 matched healthy controls (HC) underwent clinical assessments, RMEt, and a high‐resolution T1‐weighted 3‐T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The number of correct answers on the RMEt was compared between groups. T1‐weighted volumes were processed according to an optimized voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) protocol to obtain gray matter (GM) maps. Voxelwise analyses were run to assess potential associations between RMEt performance and regional GM volumes. Results Taken altogether, MS patients reported significantly lower performance on the RMEt compared to HC. When dividing the patients into those with RRMS and those with SPMS, only the latter group was found to perform significantly worse than HC on the RMEt. VBM analysis revealed significant association between RMEt scores and GM volumes in several cortical (temporoparieto‐occipital cortex) and subcortical (hippocampus, parahippocampus, and basal ganglia) brain regions, and in the cerebellum in SPMS patients only. Conclusions Results suggest that, in addition to other clinical differences between RRMS and SPMS, the ability to recognize others' emotional states may be affected in SPMS more significantly than RRMS patients. This is supported by both behavioral and MRI data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relapsing–remitting and secondary‐progressive multiple sclerosis patients differ in decoding others' emotions by their eyes

Argento

Spanò

Serra

et al. 2021

Euro J of Neurology

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“…Another possible explanation for the inconsistent results is the various versions of the RMET used by those studies. The number of items used may explain the conflicting results 20 . The RMET versions used in some studies have been abbreviated versions in which 15 21 , 17 13 , 22 , 20 23 , and 24 24 stimuli were used instead of the usual 36 14 , 25 – 30 , and the patients were asked to choose between 2 instead of 4 adjectives 21 , 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion-Specific Affective Theory of Mind Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease

Chen

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The neuropathology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) involves the frontal-subcortical circuit, an area responsible for processing affective theory of mind (ToM). Patients with PD are expected to experience deficits in the affective ToM. This study aims to investigate whether the ability to infer emotion in others is affected in either young-onset Parkinson’s disease (YOPD) or middle-onset PD (MOPD) patients and to test whether the impairments in affective ToM are associated with the motor symptoms. The affective ToM, global mental abilities, and clinical symptoms were assessed in a total of 107 MOPD, 30 YOPD, and 30 normal controls (NCs). The MOPD patients exhibited deficits in affective ToM to the negative and neutral valences, when compared to the participants in the NCs and YOPD group. By conducting gender-stratified analysis, the deficits in affective ToM was only found in female participants. After adjusting for demographic variables, the multiple linear regression model revealed that affective ToM predicted motor symptoms, especially in female MOPD patients. The present study may aid in the development of medical care programs by advocating for a more comprehensive therapeutic plan that includes continuous disease progression monitoring and social skills training for female MOPD patients or their caregivers.

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“…There have been inconsistent findings regarding sex differences on the RME with some indication that adult females perform better than adult males (Baron‐Cohen et al, 2015; Guariglia et al, 2015; Vellante et al, 2013). No sex differences were seen on overall RME accuracy in our sample of socioeconomically disadvantaged children and adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and change in the interpretation of facial emotions in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders from childhood to adolescence

Lindinger

Jacobson

Dodge

et al. 2022

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background:The ability to identify and interpret facial emotions plays a critical role in effective social functioning, which may be impaired in individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). We previously reported deficits in children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and partial FAS (PFAS) on the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" (RME) test, which assesses the interpretation of facial emotion. This follow-up study in adolescents was designed to determine whether this impairment persists or represents a developmental delay; to classify the RME stimuli by valence (positive, negative, or neutral) and determine whether RME deficits differ by affective valence; and to explore how components of executive function mediate these associations. Methods:The RME stimuli were rated and grouped according to valence.Sixty-two participants who had been administered the RME in late childhood (mean ± SD = 11.0 ± 0.4 years) were re-administered this test during adolescence (17.2 ± 0.6 years). Overall and valence-specific RME accuracy was examined in relation to prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and FASD diagnosis.Results: Children with FAS (n = 8) and PFAS (n = 15) performed more poorly on the RME than non-syndromal heavily exposed (HE; n = 19) and control individuals (n = 20). By adolescence, the PFAS group performed similarly to HE and controls, whereas the FAS group continued to perform more poorly. No deficits were seen for positively valenced items in any of the groups. For negative and neutral items, in late childhood individuals with FAS and PFAS performed more poorly than HE and controls, but by adolescence only the FAS group continued to perform more poorly. Testretest reliability was moderate across the two ages. At both timepoints, the effects in the FAS group were partially mediated by Verbal Fluency but not by other aspects of executive function.Conclusions: Individuals with full FAS have greater difficulty interpreting facial emotions than those with non-syndromal HE and healthy controls in both childhood andThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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The eyes test is influenced more by artistic inclination and less by sex

Cited by 15 publications

References 47 publications

Relapsing–remitting and secondary‐progressive multiple sclerosis patients differ in decoding others' emotions by their eyes

Relapsing–remitting and secondary‐progressive multiple sclerosis patients differ in decoding others' emotions by their eyes

Emotion-Specific Affective Theory of Mind Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease

Stability and change in the interpretation of facial emotions in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders from childhood to adolescence

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