The Eyjafjöll explosive volcanic eruption from a microwave weather radar perspective

Marzano, Frank S.; Lamantea, Mirko; Montopoli, Mario; Fabio, Saverio Di; Picciotti, Errico

doi:10.5194/acpd-11-12367-2011

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Many techniques have been proposed to measure the volcanic ACTH from ground-based instruments, including those based on ground weather radar [7][8][9] and volcano surveillance cameras [10]. These methods typically offer very accurate estimates of the height of the eruption column, but are only applicable to a few better-monitored volcanoes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereoscopic Estimation of Volcanic Ash Cloud-Top Height from Two Geostationary Satellites

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The characterization of volcanic ash clouds released into the atmosphere during explosive eruptions includes cloud height as a fundamental physical parameter. A novel application is proposed of a method based on parallax data acquired from two geostationary instruments for estimating ash cloud-top height (ACTH). An improved version of the method with a detailed discussion of height retrieval accuracy was applied to estimate ACTH from two datasets acquired by two satellites in favorable positions to fully exploit the parallax effect. A combination of MSG SEVIRI (HRV band; 1000 m nadir spatial resolution, 5 min temporal resolution) and Meteosat-7 MVIRI (VIS band, 2500 m nadir spatial resolution, 30 min temporal resolution) was implemented. Since MVIRI does not acquire data at exactly the same time as SEVIRI, a correction procedure enables compensation for wind advection in the atmosphere. The method was applied to the Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy, eruption of 23 November 2013. The height of the volcanic cloud was tracked with a top height of~8.5 km. The ash cloud estimate was applied to the visible channels to show the potential accuracy that will soon be achievable also in the infrared range using the next generation of multispectral imagers. The new constellation of geostationary meteorological satellites will enable full exploitation of this technique for continuous global ACTH monitoring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereoscopic Estimation of Volcanic Ash Cloud-Top Height from Two Geostationary Satellites

et al. 2016

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“…First, as shown in section 5.1, the sensitivity of the submillimeter region to the presence of volcanic aerosol depends on its altitude. Previous work using low frequency weather radars and infrared satellite imagery can be used to constrain the altitude of the nearsource volcanic plume independently of the submillimeter region [Arason et al, 2011;Marzano et al, 2011;Francis et al, 2012]. The atmospheric state variables temperature and humidity could also be retrieved independently of the submillimeter region by using the low frequency-like Deimos 50 -60 GHz O 2 band and H 2 O channels located at 23.8 GHz, respectively.…”

Section: The Shape Of the Ismar Spectrum As A Function Of Volcanic Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…J. Hogan et al, Combined lidar and Sun photometer retrievals of ash particle size and mass concentration from the Eyjafjallajökull volcano, submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research, 2011]. In the near-field the Keflavík C-band (5 cm wavelength) weather radar was used to estimate the Eyjafjallajökull plume volume, altitude, ash particle size, mass and ash fallout [Arason et al, 2011;Marzano et al, 2011]. However, using weather radars to estimate the volcanic ash microphysical and macrophysical properties requires a number of assumptions, such as the shape of the particle size distribution, particle geometric shape, composition, density, and the validity of the Rayleigh approximation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new application of a multifrequency submillimeter radiometer in determining the microphysical and macrophysical properties of volcanic plumes: A sensitivity study

Baran

2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] In this paper, the potential of a multifrequency submillimeter radiometer to characterize ash plumes in the near-field of a volcanic eruption is evaluated. The radiometer's sensitivity to mass concentration and particle effective dimension is shown to depend most critically on aerosol altitude and ejected water vapor concentration. There is also some dependence on temperature, aerosol shape and complex refractive index. For this study, the volcanic aerosols are assumed to be randomly oriented solid hexagonal silicates of aspect ratio unity. The T-matrix method is used to calculate the single-scattering properties of the aerosols at 36 frequencies between 90 GHz and 880 GHz, and the aerosol bulk scattering properties are derived assuming lognormal size distribution functions. A midlatitude standard summer atmosphere and a perturbed midlatitude summer atmosphere are used to quantify the sensitivity, using the delta-Eddington two-stream approximation, of the radiometer to the presence of aerosol. It is shown that at 34 frequencies, between 113 GHz and 880 GHz, the sensitivity to aerosol is a maximum if the following four conditions are satisfied: (i) The altitude of the aerosol layer should be ≫ 3 km, (ii) 0.1 g m À3 < mass concentration < 30 g m À3 (iii) the aerosol effective dimension, D e , 20 mm < D e < 1000 mm and (iv) water vapor ejected by a volcano into the atmosphere should be < 1000 times greater than the background water vapor concentration. The paper demonstrates the potential usefulness of using spectrally resolved submillimeter measurements in the near-field of volcanic eruptions to characterize plume properties.Citation: Baran, A. J. (2012), A new application of a multifrequency submillimeter radiometer in determining the microphysical and macrophysical properties of volcanic plumes: A sensitivity study,

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“…Processed satellite data can be used to obtain maps of the eruptive cloud extension (at intervals of 15mn to several hours), the mass of SO 2 , and the concentration and sizes of distal particles. Powerful weather radars, because they operate continuously at a minute-scale acquisition rate, and in all weather, have been used to track the path of large ash clouds [e.g., Harris and Rose, 1983;Rose et al, 1995;Lacasse et al, 2004;Marzano et al, 2011]. Scanned reflectivity maps indicate the height and extension of the plume (within the limit of the radar sensitivity), and mass estimates of distal ash can be derived.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three dimensional transport speed of wind-drifted ash plumes using ground-based radar

Donnadieu

Valade

Moune

2011

Geophys. Res. Lett.

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[1] The main utilization of mobile ground-based Doppler radars is to quantify the dynamics of eruptive activity by aiming directly at the emission source. We show that they can also provide information on the initial lateral transport speed of weak ash plumes bent over by crosswind. The method is illustrated by measurements made with a transportable volcano Doppler radar (VOLDORAD) at Arenal volcano, Costa Rica. The near-source displacements of the plume are tracked through echo onsets induced by ash entering successive probed volumes in the radar beam. A constant transport velocity is commonly reached within a few seconds of the initial ash emission, as wind advection and buoyancy take over momentum. The plume azimuth and upraise angles are constrained by comparing the amplitude decrease of the radar echoes as a function of distance from the source with results from a simple geometric plume model. The three dimensional vector of the ash cloud transport speed is then reconstructed with an accuracy of a few percent. This method may have applications for volcano monitoring, for determining pyroclast fluxes, for the modeling of tephra dispersal, and for remote measurements of volcanic gas fluxes. Citation: Donnadieu, F., S. Valade, and S. Moune (2011), Three dimensional transport speed of wind-drifted ash plumes using ground-based radar, Geophys.

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The Eyjafjöll explosive volcanic eruption from a microwave weather radar perspective

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Stereoscopic Estimation of Volcanic Ash Cloud-Top Height from Two Geostationary Satellites

Stereoscopic Estimation of Volcanic Ash Cloud-Top Height from Two Geostationary Satellites

A new application of a multifrequency submillimeter radiometer in determining the microphysical and macrophysical properties of volcanic plumes: A sensitivity study

Three dimensional transport speed of wind-drifted ash plumes using ground-based radar

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