The Fabrication of GaN Nanostructures Using Cost-Effective Methods for Application in Water Splitting

Abstract

The adjustable bandgap, single crystal structure, and strong chemical inertness of GaN materials make them excellent candidates for water splitting applications. The fabrication of GaN nanostructures can enhance their water splitting performance by increasing their surface area, improving photon absorption, and accelerating photocatalytic reactions. Developing cost-effective methods to fabricate GaN nanostructures is crucial to promote the development of GaN-based materials in water splitting applications. In this review, we introduce the main cost-effective techniques for the fabrication of GaN nanostructures and highlight future development directions.

State of the Art Progress in Copper Vanadate Materials for Solar Water Splitting

“…Similarly, several n-type (CdS, CdSe) [ 32 , 33 ] and p-type (CIS, CIGS) [ 34 , 35 ] chalcogenides, nitrides (TaN, GaN) [ 36 , 37 ], phosphides (InP) [ 38 ], and Cu 2 Os [ 39 ] have been explored for solar water splitting applications, owing this to their narrow bandgap that absorbs sufficient visible light and well-matched band edge positions concerning overall water splitting potential. However, these materials suffer from poor stability and thus require catalytic support, coatings for improved stability, and long-term operation [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

“…Moreover, the utilization of such photocathodes is limited due to the poor charge diffusion/catalysis, stability, and toxic nature, respectively [45][46][47]. In addition, several strategies have been used to enhance the PEC properties of semiconductors, which Similarly, several n-type (CdS, CdSe) [32,33] and p-type (CIS, CIGS) [34,35] chalcogenides, nitrides (TaN, GaN) [36,37], phosphides (InP) [38], and Cu 2 Os [39] have been explored for solar water splitting applications, owing this to their narrow bandgap that absorbs sufficient visible light and well-matched band edge positions concerning overall water splitting potential. However, these materials suffer from poor stability and thus require catalytic support, coatings for improved stability, and long-term operation [38][39][40][41][42][43].…”