The Fabrication of Geopolymer Foam Composites Incorporating Coke Dust Waste

Buczkowska, Katarzyna Ewa; Le, Chi Hiep; Louda, Petr; Szczypiński, Michał Marek; Bakalová, Totka; Pacyniak, T.; Prałat, Karol

doi:10.3390/pr8091052

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The pace of climate change that Earth’s inhabitants are struggling with is accelerating more and more, and the effects of these changes are noticeable to everyone. An important direction of development is therefore looking for new, more ecological materials, in particular those based on renewable raw materials [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. One of the promising alternatives may be geopolymerization technologies with a much lower carbon footprint compared to traditional building materials [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of them may be geopolymers. The production of geopolymers releases much smaller amounts of CO 2 into the atmosphere, and it can be a real alternative to waste management from the energy or metallurgical sector (for example, fly ash, slag) or also other sectors such as the construction industry (for example, construction and demolition waste) or mining (for example, different mine tailings) [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical and Fracture Properties of Long Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Composites

et al. 2021

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The aim of the article is to analyze the structure and mechanical properties in terms of the cracking mechanics of geopolymer composites based on fly ash and river sand, as well as metakaolin and river sand with three types of reinforcement material: glass fiber, carbon fiber, and aramid fiber, in terms of their use in additive manufacturing. Geopolymer composites were reinforced with fibers in a volume ratio of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%. Subsequently, these samples were subjected to bending strength tests in accordance with the European standard EN 12390-3. The addition of fibers significantly improved the bending strength of all composites made of metakaolin and sand. The reinforcement with aramid fiber in the amount of 2.0% resulted in more than a 3-fold increase in strength compared to the reinforcement-free composites. An analysis of the morphology of the fibers was carried out on the basis of photos taken from an electron microscope. The correct addition of fibers changes the nature of the fracture from brittle to more ductile and reduces the number of cracks in the material.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Fracture Properties of Long Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Composites

et al. 2021

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“…However, the relatively low resistance to brittle cracking is a limitation for the use of these materials in many areas. For this reason, the topic of strengthening geopolymers using fibers is developing more and more dynamically [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of Lightweight Geopolymer Composite Reinforced with Hybrid Carbon and Steel Fibers

et al. 2021

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The aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of hybrid fiber reinforcement on the properties of a lightweight fly ash-based geopolymer. The matrix includes the ratio of fly ash and microspheres at 1:1. Carbon and steel fibers have been chosen due to their high mechanical properties as reinforcement. Short steel fibers (SFs) and/or carbon fibers (CFs) were used as reinforcement in the following proportions: 2.0% wt. CFs, 1.5% wt. CFs and 0.5% wt. SFs, 1.0% wt. CFs and 1.0% wt. SFs, 0.5% wt. CFs and 1.5% wt. SFs and 2.0% wt. SFs. Hybrid reinforcement of geopolymer composites was used to obtain optimal strength properties, i.e., compressive strength due to steel fiber and bending strength due to carbon fibers. Additionally, reference samples consisting of the geopolymer matrix material itself. After the production of geopolymer composites, their density was examined, and the structure (using scanning electron microscopy) and mechanical properties (i.e., bending and compressive strength) in relation to the type and amount of reinforcement. In addition, to determine the thermal insulation properties of the geopolymer matrix, its thermal conductivity coefficient was determined. The results show that the addition of fiber improved compressive and bending strength. The best compressive strength is obtained for a steel fiber-reinforced composite (2.0% wt.). The best bending strength is obtained for the hybrid reinforced composite: 1.5% wt. CFs and 0.5% wt. SFs. The geopolymer composite is characterized by low thermal conductivity (0.18–0.22 W/m ∙ K) at low density (0.89–0.93 g/cm3).

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“…Alternatively, the gaseous mixture production from the metallic aluminum by-products could be mixed with a silica component (e.g., from the glass industry) allowing for the production of foamed geopolymers, with pockets of hydrogen trapped in pores throughout the body of a material with high strength and hardness, which is suitable not only as an insulation material but also for industrial applications. It is worth noting that a fundamental physical characteristic of geopolymers is their resistance to mechanical, thermal, and atmospheric degradation, and they are also suitable for entrapping polluting and toxic substances [29][30][31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen-Rich Gas Produced by the Chemical Neutralization of Reactive By-Products from the Screening Processes of the Secondary Aluminum Industry

et al. 2021

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In the framework of the industry of secondary aluminum, the chemical neutralization of highly reactive materials that come from the pre-treatment screening processes of scraps (beverage cans and domestic appliances) was investigated through experiments in aqueous alkaline solutions. Metallic aluminum-rich by-products are classified, according to EU law, as dangerous waste, as they can potentially develop flammable gases capable of forming explosive mixtures with air. In this way they cannot be disposed of in landfills for non-hazardous wastes if chemical neutralization is not planned and performed beforehand. In this way, these experiments were mainly aimed at unraveling the oxidation rate and at quantifying the production of hydrogen-rich gases from the reactions of the metallic aluminum-rich by-products in a water-rich alkaline (liquid or vapor) environment. Reactions were carried out in a stainless-steel batch mini-reactor with metering and sampling valves, with the resulting gases analyzed by gas-chromatography (GC). The experimental setup was planned to avoid the following issues: (i) the corrosion of the reactor by the alkaline solution and (ii) the permeability of the system to hydrogen (i.e., possible leaks of H2), related to the fast kinetics and short duration of the reactions (which may hinder a pile-up-effect) between the solid by-products and the liquid. The procedure was defined by a controlled interaction process between metals and liquid, using NaOH to increase reaction rates. The experimental runs performed in the mini-reactor proved to be effective for eliminating the reactive metallic aluminum, reaching a maximum hydrogen production of 96% of the total gases produced in the experiments. The relations between gas generation (up to 55 bar of H2 in the experiments, which lasted for four days) and each specific parameter variation are discussed. All the obtained results can be transferred and applied to (i) the possible industrialization of the method for the chemical neutralization of these dangerous by-products, increasing sustainability and workplace safety, (ii) the use of the resulting hydrogen as a source of energy for the furnaces of the secondary aluminum industry itself, and (iii) new technological materials (e.g., “foamed geopolymers”), by using hydrogen as a foaming agent, coupled with aluminosilicate materials, during geopolymeric reactions.

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The Fabrication of Geopolymer Foam Composites Incorporating Coke Dust Waste

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Mechanical and Fracture Properties of Long Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Composites

Mechanical and Fracture Properties of Long Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Composites

Development and Characterization of Lightweight Geopolymer Composite Reinforced with Hybrid Carbon and Steel Fibers

Hydrogen-Rich Gas Produced by the Chemical Neutralization of Reactive By-Products from the Screening Processes of the Secondary Aluminum Industry

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