The Face of Sivapithecus indicus : Description of a New, Relatively Complete Specimen from the Siwaliks of Pakistan

Preuss, Todd M.

doi:10.1159/000156053

Cited by 34 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In general, the relationships of noncercopithecoid fossil catarrhines to extant Old World higher primate groupings are more ambiguous than are those of fossil cercopithecoids (2). Traditionally, noncercopithecoid catarrhines have been regarded as hominoids but, with the exception of a Sivapithecus-Pongo phyletic linkage (26)(27)(28)(29), little consensus exists as to which Oligo-Miocene catarrhines (if any) represent ancestors of the hylobatids and great apes. Given the diversity of extant hominoid morphologies and the absence of unambiguous sister taxa, craniofacial morphoclines within Hominoidea remain equivocal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestral facial morphology of Old World higher primates.

Benefit

McCrossin

1991

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Fossil remains of the cercopithecoid Victoiapithecus recently recovered from middle Miocene deposits of Maboko Island (Kenya) provide evidence ofthe cranial anatomy of Old World monkeys prior to the evolutionary divergence of the extant subfamilies Colobinae and Cercopithecinae. Victoriapithecus shares a suite ofcraniofacial features with the Oligocene catarrhine Aegyptopithecus and early Miocene hominoid Afropithecus. AU three genera manifest supraorbital costae, anteriorly convergent temporal lines, the absence of a postglabellar fossa, a moderate to long snout, great facial height below the orbits, a deep cheek region, and anteriorly tapering premaxilla. The shared presence of these features in a catarrhine generally ancestral to apes and Old World monkeys, an early ape, and an early Old World monkey indicates that they are primitive characteristics that typified the last common ancestor of Hominoidea and Cercopithecoidea. These results contradict prevailing cranial morphotype reconstructions for ancestral catarrhines as Colobus-orHylobates-like, characterized by a globular anterior braincase and orthognathy. By resolving several equivocal craniofacial morphocline polarities, these discoveries lay the foundation for a revised interpretation of the ancestral cranial morphology of Catarrhini more consistent with neontological and existing paleontological evidence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestral facial morphology of Old World higher primates.

Benefit

McCrossin

1991

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The absence of a postorbital depression behind glabella further enhances the impression of a trigon. Among catarrhine primates, supraorbital costae and frontal trigons are present in the Oligocene basal catarrhine Aegyptopithecus (Simons, 1967(Simons, ,1974(Simons, ,1987, the Miocene hominoids Afropithecus (Leakey and Leakey, 1986a;Leakey et al, 1988b) and Sivapithecus (Pilbeam, 1982;Preuss, 1982;Ward and Brown, 1986), Australopithecus boisei (Tobias, 1967;Clarke, 19771, and the extant hominoid Pongo (Ward and Brown, 1986;Brown and Ward, 1988).…”

Section: Description Frontalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the Catarrhini the combination of a frontal trigon and supraorbital costae are found in the primitive Fayum catarrhine Aegyptopithecus (Simons, 1967(Simons, , 1987, early Miocene hominoid Afropithecus (Leakey and Leakey, 1986a;Leakey et al, 198813, 1991;Richtsmeier, 1988, 19891, late Miocene Eurasian hominoidsSiuupithecus andDryopithecus (RUD 44) from Rudabanya (Pilbeam, 1982;Preuss, 1982;Kelly and Pilbeam, 1986;Ward and Brown, 1986;Brown and Ward, 1988), and extant hominoid Pongo, a s well as in the Maboko cercopithecoid. Pongo differs from fossil catarrhines in having a more lateral origin for anterior fibers of the temporalis muscle (Ward and Brown, 1986;Brown and Ward, 1988).…”

Section: Supraorbital Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial anatomy of Victoriapithecus and its relevance to the ancestral cranial morphology of old world monkeys and apes

Benefit

McCrossin

1993

American J Phys Anthropol

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Recently discovered craniofacial fossils of the middle Miocene cercopithecoid Victoriapithecus are described. The frontal, zygomatic, maxilla, and premaxilla anatomy differ from the previously proposed colobine-like ancestral cercopithecoid morphotype in several significant respects. This morphotype was based on the assumption that features held in common by subordinate hominoid and cercopithecoid morphotypes (Colobinae and Hylobatidae) are primitive for Old World monkeys. Cranial similarities between Victoriapithecus, which represents the sister-group of both colobine and cercopithecine monkeys, and the shorter-snouted Cercopithecinae (Macaca and Cercopithecus) indicate that the last common ancestor of Old World monkeys possessed the following features: a narrow interorbital septum, moderately long snout, moderately long and anteriorly tapering premaxilla, large procumbent upper central incisors set anterior to and with longer roots than lateral incisors, moderately tall face below the orbits, teardrop-shaped nasal aperture of low height and moderate width, and probably long and narrow nasal bones. The Victoriapithecus cranium is also characterized by features not present in modern cercopithecids. These include a deep malar region of the zygomatic and the presence of a frontal trigon due to the occurrence of temporal lines that merge with supraorbital costae close to the midline of each orbit and converge anterior to bregma. These features are interpreted as primitive retentions from the basal catarrhine condition as indicated by the occurrence of these features among primitive catarrhines (Aegyptopithecus) and Miocene hominoids (Afropithecus).

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“…Well-developed canine fossa 14. Orbits higher than broad, rather ovoid in D , Wolpoff shape (1983), Kay and Simons (1983), Preuss ( 1982) 15. Poor development of supra-orbital torus P , Kay and Simons (1983) 16.…”

Section: Status Of "Ramapithecus" and Affinities Of Ramapithsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preuss (1982). Kay and Simons (1983. ?C) Wolpoff (1983) Ward and Pilbeam (1983) Source Kay and Simons (1983), , ?V) Kay and Simons (1983), , ?C), ?C) Simons (1983), Kay (1982a), Wolpoff (1983, ?V), Andrews and Cronin (1982, ?V) Kay and Simons (1983), Kay· (1982a) Kay and Simons (1983), de Bonis (1983), Wolpoff (1983), , Andrews (1983), Preuss (1982, Kay and Simons (1983), Andrews and Cronin (1982, ?V) Andrews and Cronin (1982) Andrews (1982), Kay and Simons (1983) Preuss (1982) Ward and Pilbeam (1983) , Kluge (1983, Jenkins and Fleagle (1975) Tuttle (1975) Tuttle and Rogers (1966) Tuttle (1975) Tuttle (1970) R. L. CIOCHON , Gantt (1983), Kay and Simons (1983, ?P) , Tuttle (1974 Tuttle (1975) Jenkins and Fleagle (1975) Tuttle (1967, 1969) Tuttle (1967) Schultz (1936), Tuttle (1975) McHenry (1975), Schultz (1961,1963), Kluge (1983, ?D) De Bonis (1983) Kluge (1983, ?D) Kluge (1983, ?D) Kluge (1983, ?D) R. L. CIOCHON Le Gros Clark (1964), Tobias (1971) Boaz (1983) Le Gros Clark (1964), , White et al (1983, Simons (1983) Delson et al (1977), de Bonis (1983), Kay and Simons (1983) Boaz (1983) , , Kay and Simons (1983, ?D) Corruccini and McHenry (1980), …”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Interpretations of Ape and Human Ancestry

Ciochon¹,

Corruccini²

1983

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PrefaceIn the field of paleoanthropology there is perhaps no more compelling issue than the origin of the human lineage. From the 19th-Century proclamations of Darwin, Huxley, and Haeckel up to the present-day announcements of authorities such as Pilbeam, Johanson, and Leakey, controversy and debate have always surrounded the search for our earliest ancestors. Most authorities now agree that many important questions concerning ape and human ancestry will be solved by further investigation of the hominoid primates of the Miocene and Pliocene, and through exacting comparative anatomical and biomolecular analyses of their living representatives. Indeed, these studies will yield a better understanding of (1) the cladogenesis (branching order) of the hominoid primates, (2) the morphotype (structural components) of the last common ancestor of humans and the living apes, (3) the timing and geographical placement of the hominid-pongid (human-ape) divergence and (4) the adaptive nature and probable scenario for the initial differentiation of hominids from pongids.In this context we organized a symposium entitled "Miocene Hominoids and New Interpretations of Ape and Human Ancestry" which met July 2-4, 1980, in Florence, Italy,just prior to the convening of the VIII Congress ofthe International Primatological Society. This Pre-Congress Symposium was attended by a small group of anthropologists, anatomists, biochemists, ecologists, and paleontologists, all dedicated to a reanalysis of the evolutionary position and a more parsimonious interpretation of the Miocene hominoids vis a vis modern apes and humans. The symposium was held in the 18th-Century Tribuna di Galileo of the Istituto di Zoologia. Under the arched marble columns of this magnificent chamber, symposium participants were able to address specifically some or all of the points mentioned above. From this symposium a consensus was reached concerning a rapprochement between the formerly irreconcilable biomolecular view of human origins and the paleontological view. This rapprochement was based on a more liberal presentation of the "molecular clock hypothesis" and on the view that no known Miocene hominoid including Ramapithecus could be considered a hominid, that is, an exclusively human ancestor. xiii xiv PREFACE The Pre-Congress Symposium held in Florence was a rather small gathering, representing less than half of the contributors to this volume. Yet we feel that events at this symposium in many ways foreshadowed developments and trends in the field of paleoanthropology still underway. With the symposium behind us we began in earnest to assemble contributions for the present volume. About this time a number of additional leading authorities, who had not been able to attend the symposium, agreed to contribute chapters to the volume. We also decided to enlarge the scope of the volume to include contributions on Oligocene hominoid ancestors and on Plio-Pleistocene hominoid and hominid descendants. The central theme of the volume, however, remained the Hominoidea of th...

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The Face of Sivapithecus indicus : Description of a New, Relatively Complete Specimen from the Siwaliks of Pakistan

Cited by 34 publications

References 10 publications

Ancestral facial morphology of Old World higher primates.

Ancestral facial morphology of Old World higher primates.

Facial anatomy of Victoriapithecus and its relevance to the ancestral cranial morphology of old world monkeys and apes

New Interpretations of Ape and Human Ancestry

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