The facial red fluorescence of ultraviolet photography: is this color due to <i>Propionibacterium acnes</i> or the unknown content of secreted sebum?

Youn, Sang Woong; Kim, Jun Hyung; Lee, Jai Eun; Kim, Sun Ok; Park, Kyoung Chan

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.2009.00360.x

Cited by 40 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The size of facial red fluorescence consistently showed similar patterns with those of facial sebum levels. Recent studies attributed the facial red fluorescence to components of facial sebum rather than the presence of P. acnes [11,12,13,20]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Facial Sebum Levels and Follicular Red Fluorescence in Patients with Acne Vulgaris in Nigeria

2015

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Background: Increased sebum levels are triggering factors of acne vulgaris. No studies on sebum levels exist among acne patients in Africa. Aims/Methods: Cross-sectional study to determine facial sebum levels, acne lesions and red fluorescence among adolescents (n = 80) with acne vulgaris in Nigeria, who were interviewed and clinically examined. Results: Facial sebum levels were higher among adolescents with acne than among those without. There was a positive correlation between sebum levels and acne lesions in the U zone but not in the T zone. There was also a positive correlation between the size of red fluorescence and acne lesions and mean sebum levels. Both correlations were highly significant in the U zone but not in the T zone. Conclusion: Facial sebum levels are higher among black African acne patients. Sebum is responsible for facial red fluorescence. The U zone may serve as a more reliable site than the T zone for measurements of sebum levels in black African acne patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies reported that the intensity of follicular red fluorescence on the face of acne patients was associated with sebum levels [11,12,13]. Initially, follicular red fluorescence had been attributed to porphyrins produced by Propionibacterium acnes in the pilosebaceous unit [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Facial Sebum Levels and Follicular Red Fluorescence in Patients with Acne Vulgaris in Nigeria

2015

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“…Several research groups have proposed that UVRF may be related to components of sebum other than bacteria [14,15]. However, different opinions have also been published [22,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…UVRF has been proposed to rather originate from human skin lipids, especially from sebum [13][14][15], than from microorganisms. It is, therefore, crucial to clarify whether human sebum emits UVRF in order to assess whether P. acnes density monitoring in human follicles, especially in acne patients, could still be performed by UVRF.…”

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confidence: 99%

Is Human Sebum the Source of Skin Follicular Ultraviolet-Induced Red Fluorescence? A Cellular to Histological Study

Yan

Liu

et al. 2018

Dermatology

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Background: The ultraviolet-induced red fluorescence (UVRF) from human skin follicles was suggested to be a result of Propionibacterium acnes and was used for the monitoring of acne. More recent studies suggested that the UVRF may be more related to sebum rather than to microorganisms. Objective: To clarify whether human sebum or follicular microorganisms are the source of UVRF. Methods: We examined the fluorescence of human-derived SZ95 sebocytes, human sebaceous glands, sebum extracted from the sebaceous glands, and bacteria isolated from human hair follicles under ultraviolet light. Results: SZ95 sebocytes, human sebaceous glands, and sebum do not emit UVRF. Two types of UVRF peaking at about 635 nm and at about 620 nm were detected in P. acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. This is the first report that S. epidermidis emits UVRF when it is anaerobically cultured and then exposed to air. Conclusion: Human follicular UVRF is emitted by resident bacteria, not by sebum. Therefore, UVRF may be used to monitor certain species of skin microorganisms.

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“…As shown in Figure 1, red fluorescence of porphyrins in human faces can be visualized by a Wood's lamp. It has been reported that the red fluorescence area correlated with the amount of facial sebum secretion and the skin surface pH, suggesting that the red fluorescence was affected by sebum, not just P. acnes [36]. Besides P. acnes , there are other skin resident bacteria (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Response of Human Skin Commensal Bacteria as a Reflection of UV Radiation: UV-B Decreases Porphyrin Production

et al. 2012

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Recent global radiation fears reflect the urgent need for a new modality that can simply determine if people are in a radiation risk of developing cancer and other illnesses. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been thought to be the major risk factor for most skin cancers. Although various biomarkers derived from the responses of human cells have been revealed, detection of these biomarkers is cumbersome, probably requires taking live human tissues, and varies significantly depending on human immune status. Here we hypothesize that the reaction of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a human resident skin commensal, to UV radiation can serve as early surrogate markers for radiation risk because the bacteria are immediately responsive to radiation. In addition, the bacteria can be readily accessible and exposed to the same field of radiation as human body. To test our hypothesis, P. acnes was exposed to UV-B radiation. The production of porphyrins in P. acnes was significantly reduced with increasing doses of UV-B. The porphyrin reduction can be detected in both P. acnes and human skin bacterial isolates. Exposure of UV-B to P. acnes- inoculated mice led to a significant decrease in porphyrin production in a single colony of P. acnes and simultaneously induced the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) in the epidermal layers of mouse skin. Mass spectrometric analysis via a linear trap quadrupole (LTQ)-Orbitrap XL showed that five peptides including an internal peptide (THLPTGIVVSCQNER) of a peptide chain release factor 2 (RF2) were oxidized by UV-B. Seven peptides including three internal peptides of 60 kDa chaperonin 1 were de-oxidized by UV-B. When compared to UV-B, gamma radiation also decreased the porphyrin production of P. acnes in a dose-dependent manner, but induced a different signature of protein oxidation/de-oxidation. We highlight that uncovering response of skin microbiome to radiation will facilitate the development of pre-symptomatic diagnosis of radiation risk in a battlefield exposure, nuclear accidents, terrorist attacks, or cancer imaging/therapy.

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The facial red fluorescence of ultraviolet photography: is this color due to Propionibacterium acnes or the unknown content of secreted sebum?

Abstract: The red fluorescence area showed a stronger correlation with sebum secretion than with the presence of P. acnes. This finding suggests that the red fluorescence is affected by sebum not just P. acnes.

Cited by 40 publications

References 10 publications

Study of Facial Sebum Levels and Follicular Red Fluorescence in Patients with Acne Vulgaris in Nigeria

Study of Facial Sebum Levels and Follicular Red Fluorescence in Patients with Acne Vulgaris in Nigeria

Is Human Sebum the Source of Skin Follicular Ultraviolet-Induced Red Fluorescence? A Cellular to Histological Study

The Response of Human Skin Commensal Bacteria as a Reflection of UV Radiation: UV-B Decreases Porphyrin Production

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