This article offers a historical overview, explores current trends, and suggests future directions of gender research and pedagogical approaches that inform TESOL. It highlights key theories, research paradigms, and subjects of study that contribute to SLA knowledge while addressing inequitable gendered social, pedagogical, and linguistic relationships in and out of ESL and EFL classrooms. The article also introduces the contributions to this volume by indicating how they represent broader dialogues about directions in second language acquisition, applied linguistics, and TESOL.