The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule

Moolchan, Eric T.; Radzius, Aleksandras; Epstein, David H.; Uhl, George R.; Gorelick, David A.; Cadet, Jean Lud; Henningfield, Jack E.

doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(00)00171-4

Cited by 155 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…DSM-IV and FTND linkage loci coincided, if at all, only in 11p15. As observed earlier, 46,47 the various measures of ND were not always highly correlated among our subjects, indicating that these measure different aspects of dependence; thus, it can also be expected that genetic findings related to FTND and DSM-IV may sometimes be phenotype-specific.…”

Section: Nicotine Dependence and Smoking Loci In Finnish Twinssupporting

confidence: 60%

Linkage of nicotine dependence and smoking behavior on 10q, 7q and 11p in twins with homogeneous genetic background

et al. 2007

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The significant worldwide health burden introduced by tobacco smoking highlights the importance of studying the genetic determinants of smoking behavior and the key factor sustaining compulsive smoking, that is, nicotine dependence (ND). We have here addressed the genetic background of smoking in a special study sample of twins, harmonized for early life events and specifically ascertained for smoking from the nationwide twin cohort of the genetically unique population of Finland. The twins and their families were carefully examined for extensive phenotype profiles and a genomewide scan was performed to identify loci behind the smoking status, ND and the comorbid phenotype of ND and alcohol use in 505 individuals from 153 families. We replicated previous linkage findings on 10q (max logarithm of the odds (LOD) 3.12) for a smoker phenotype, and on 7q and 11p (max LOD 2.50, and 2.25, respectively) for the ND phenotype. The loci linked for ND also showed evidence for linkage for the comorbid phenotype. Our study provides confirmatory evidence for the involvement of these genome regions in the genetic etiology of smoking behavior and ND and for the first time associates drinking and smoking to a shared locus on 10q.

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Section: Nicotine Dependence and Smoking Loci In Finnish Twinssupporting

confidence: 60%

Linkage of nicotine dependence and smoking behavior on 10q, 7q and 11p in twins with homogeneous genetic background

et al. 2007

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“…Moreover, the three ND measures (SQ, HSI and FTND) analyzed herein are commonly employed in both genetic and applied clinical research of tobacco smoking and thus are readily available for cross-study replication by other investigators. 55 Although the three measures are highly interrelated, they are not identical, 56 such that linkage detected for more than one ND measure provides greater confidence in the validity of our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Genome-wide linkage scan for nicotine dependence in European Americans and its converging results with African Americans in the Mid-South Tobacco Family sample

Payne

et al. 2007

Mol Psychiatry

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Previously, we reported a genome-wide scan for nicotine dependence (ND) in the African American (AA) sample of the Mid-South Tobacco Family (MSTF) cohort. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide scan in 629 individuals representing 200 nuclear families of European American (EA) origin of the MSTF cohort with the goals of identifying vulnerability loci for ND in the EAs and determining converging regions across the ethnic groups. We examined 385 autosomal microsatellite markers for ND, which was assessed by smoking quantity (SQ), the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) and the Fagerströ m test for ND (FTND). After performing linkage analyses using various methods implemented in the GENEHUNTER and SAGE programs, we found eight regions on chromosomes 2, 4, 9-12, 17 and 18 that met the criteria for suggestive linkage to at least one ND measure in the EA sample. Of these, the region on chromosome 4 at 43 cM showed suggestive linkage to indexed SQ, the HSI and the FTND, and the region on chromosome 9 at 24 cM showed suggestive linkage to the HSI and the FTND. To increase detection power, we analyzed a combined AA and EA sample using age, gender and ethnicity as covariates and found that the region on chromosome 12 near marker D12S372 showed significant linkage to SQ. Additionally, we found six regions on chromosomes 9-11, 13 and 18 that showed suggestive linkage to at least one ND measure in the combined sample. When we compared the linkage peaks detected for ND among the two samples and a combined sample, we found that four regions on chromosomes 9 (two regions), 11 and 18 overlapped. On the other hand, we identified five regions on chromosomes 2, 4, 10, 12 and 17 that showed linkage to ND only in the EA sample, and two regions on chromosomes 10 and 13 that showed linkage to ND only in the AA sample. For those linkages identified in only one sample, we found that the combined analysis of AA plus EA samples actually decreased the linkage signal. This indicates that some chromosomal regions may be more homogenous than others across the ethnic samples. All regions except for the one on chromosome 12 have been detected at nominally significant levels in other studies, providing independent replication of ND loci in different populations.

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“…Studies comparing the Fagerström scales with DSM diagnoses have reported that DSM (III-R) defined nicotine dependence and the FTND show relatively little overlap. These measures assess different aspects of nicotine dependence (Breslau and Johnson, 2000;Moolchan et al, 2002) and suggest that dependence may be multidimensional.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale in Finnish smokers

Broms

Madden

Heath

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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The Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS) is a new multidimensional measure of nicotine dependence. The study aim was to examine the structure and heritability of the NDSS and its associations with nicotine dependence defined by FTND and DSM-IV criteria among Finnish smokers participating in an ongoing twin-family study. Adult twin pairs concordant for smoking from the Finnish Twin Cohort Study, and their siblings and parents were interviewed. Among 1370 smokers, the NDSS sum score (a summary measure of dependence) correlated moderately high with FTND score (r=0.62). Subjects in the highest NDSS sum score groups were more likely to be nicotine dependent according to DSM-IV criteria compared with those in the lowest quintile (odds ratio = 36.7, 95% Confidence interval 13.0-103). In exploratory factor analysis we derived three factors, named drive/priority, stereotypy/continuity and tolerance. The drive/priority factor correlated best with FTND (r=0.54). Genetic modelling showed no differences in the genetic architecture of NDSS or FTND by gender; the overall heritability estimate for NDSS was 0.30 (95% CI 0.06-0.47), and for FTND 0.40 (95% CI 0.23-0.55)The NDSS sum score is moderately high associated with DSM-IV nicotine dependence as well as FTND. These analyses indicate that the NDSS functions well in a Finnish family-based sample and provide additional validation of a new scale developed to capture complex behavioral features of nicotine dependence.

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The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule

Cited by 155 publications

References 20 publications

Linkage of nicotine dependence and smoking behavior on 10q, 7q and 11p in twins with homogeneous genetic background

Linkage of nicotine dependence and smoking behavior on 10q, 7q and 11p in twins with homogeneous genetic background

Genome-wide linkage scan for nicotine dependence in European Americans and its converging results with African Americans in the Mid-South Tobacco Family sample

The Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale in Finnish smokers

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