2008
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050046
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The Fall and Rise of US Inequities in Premature Mortality: 1960–2002

Abstract: BackgroundDebates exist as to whether, as overall population health improves, the absolute and relative magnitude of income- and race/ethnicity-related health disparities necessarily increase—or derease. We accordingly decided to test the hypothesis that health inequities widen—or shrink—in a context of declining mortality rates, by examining annual US mortality data over a 42 year period.Methods and FindingsUsing US county mortality data from 1960–2002 and county median family income data from the 1960–2000 d… Show more

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Cited by 183 publications
(201 citation statements)
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“…Repeat cross-sectional studies within industrialised countries have shown consistent evidence that inequalities in premature mortality between socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged cities, and similar large administrative areas, have widened recently (Davey Smith et al, 2002;Krieger et al, 2008;Leyland, 2004;Leyland et al, 2007;Pearce and Dorling, 2006). Despite generally falling rates of mortality in all areas, the fall has been greater in socio-economically advantaged areas (Davey Smith et al, 2002;Krieger et al, 2008;Leyland, 2004;Leyland et al, 2007;Pearce and Dorling, 2006).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Repeat cross-sectional studies within industrialised countries have shown consistent evidence that inequalities in premature mortality between socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged cities, and similar large administrative areas, have widened recently (Davey Smith et al, 2002;Krieger et al, 2008;Leyland, 2004;Leyland et al, 2007;Pearce and Dorling, 2006). Despite generally falling rates of mortality in all areas, the fall has been greater in socio-economically advantaged areas (Davey Smith et al, 2002;Krieger et al, 2008;Leyland, 2004;Leyland et al, 2007;Pearce and Dorling, 2006).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Despite generally falling rates of mortality in all areas, the fall has been greater in socio-economically advantaged areas (Davey Smith et al, 2002;Krieger et al, 2008;Leyland, 2004;Leyland et al, 2007;Pearce and Dorling, 2006). Glasgow, which has an exceptionally poor mortality record compared to the rest of Scotland, the rest of the UK and Europe as a whole, has experienced such a worsening of its mortality record relative to other places.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, Nancy Krieger and colleagues estimated that 14 percent of premature deaths among whites and 30 percent of premature deaths among blacks between 1960 and 2002 would not have occurred if everyone had experienced the mortality rates of whites in the highest income quintile. 13 Steven Woolf and coauthors calculated that 25 percent of all deaths in Virginia between 1996 and 2002 would have been averted if the mortality rates of the five most affluent counties and cities had applied statewide.…”
Section: Social Determinants Of Healthmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although the National Center for Health Statistics trend data does not include an SES measure 8 , multiple analyses of national data and one analysis of the Chicago population have revealed increasing disparities in all-cause mortality from 1990 to 2000 by using area-based SES measures. [9][10][11][12] By contrast, SES-related mortality disparities in NYC decreased from 1990 to 2000 overall and for the majority of leading causes of death. Disparities continued to decrease through 2010, demonstrating a point highlighted by Krieger and colleagues that socioeconomic inequalities in mortality can shrink and need not inevitably rise.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%