“…Agencification in the EU stretches the confines of the European regulatory state to the maximum by extending to policy domains that were formerly the exclusive terrain of national institutions. Although the rise of the European regulatory state has long been acknowledged (Levi-Faur, 2011;Majone, 1994;Rimkutė, 2021), scholars have recently observed the growth of the European regulatory security state covering policy areas such as defence, cybersecurity, border control, and health security (Dunn Cavelty & Smeets, 2023;Kruck & Weiss, 2023;Obendiek & Seidl, 2023). To illustrate, in view of the recent global health crisis, EU institutions and member states have agreed to strengthen the European Health Security Union to address cross-border health risks.…”