With the development of chaos theory, Duffing oscillator has been extensively studied in many fields, especially in electronic signal processing. As a nonlinear oscillator, Duffing oscillator is more complicated in terms of equations or circuit analysis. In order to facilitate the analysis of its characteristics, the study analyzes the circuit from the perspective of vibrational science and energetics. The classic Holmes-Duffing model is first modified to make it more popular and concise, and then the model feasibility is confirmed by a series of rigorous derivations. According to experiments, the influence of driving force amplitude, frequency, and initial value on the system is finally explained by the basic theories of physics. Through this work, people can understand the mechanisms and characteristics of Duffing oscillator more intuitively and comprehensively. It provides a new idea for the study of Duffing oscillators and more.