The fate of heterogeneous catalysis & click chemistry for 1,2,3-triazoles: Nobel prize in chemistry 2022

Optimized synthesis of functional organosilicon monomers and polymers exploiting new types of CuAAC recoverable heterogeneous catalysts

“…26,27 The discovery and development of the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction in the last 20 years [28][29][30][31][32] has led to the rapid development of chemistry from medical applications and the synthesis of simple molecules to the creation of complex polymeric and supramolecular structures, [33][34][35][36][37][38] including organosilicon chemistry. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45] The culmination of any chemical, and especially a "click" process, which opens up its industrial prospects, is, of course, its efficient implementation under heterogeneous conditions, which greatly facilitates the isolation of the final reaction product and allows the reuse of the catalyst, 46,47 and such processes are actively being developed and studied for the CuAAC reaction in its various applications, 31,[48][49][50][51][52] however, they are still completely absent in the chemistry of creating organosilicon molecules and practically absent in polymer chemistry.…”

“…The culmination of any chemical, and especially a “click” process, which opens up its industrial prospects, is, of course, its efficient implementation under heterogeneous conditions, which greatly facilitates the isolation of the final reaction product and allows the reuse of the catalyst, 46,47 and such processes are actively being developed and studied for the CuAAC reaction in its various applications, 31,48–52 however, they are still completely absent in the chemistry of creating organosilicon molecules and practically absent in polymer chemistry.…”

Oxygen Coordination Promotes Single-Atom Cu(II)-Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Click Chemistry without Reducing Agents

“…Precise synthesis of suitable catalysts to reduce costs and increase the efficiency of target reactions is the ultimate goal in catalytic designs. − Heterogeneous catalysts are superior to homogeneous catalysts due to their easy recovery and environmental tolerance for low-cost and more operable applications. − Single-atom (SA) catalysts emerge as the new frontier in heterogeneous catalysts for their specific property, maximized atom utilization, and uniform active sites. − More importantly, isolated metal centers of such catalysts are close to those of homogeneous catalysts but usually have distinct electronic characters. − This feature provides good chances for SA catalysts to realize the expected reaction process instead of homogeneous catalysts. − Azide–alkyne click chemistry is widely applied in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials, and the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded for its development. − Cu­(I) centers are effective for this reaction but are difficult to fabricate in catalysts owing to their lower stability than Cu­(II) centers (Figure S1). − This issue is more serious to heterogeneous catalysts which mostly consist of limited Cu­(I) sites on oxidized Cu nanoparticles with low efficiency. − However, the more available Cu­(II) catalysts are not effective because of their difficulty in generating the key intermediate Cu acetylide unless using excess reducing agents to transfer them into Cu­(I) centers, which leads to undesirable waste and extra cost (Figure S1).…”

Dexterous green synthesis of Cu2O nanoparticles: An amenable catalyst for aqueous click reaction, antiproliferative, and wound healing applications

“…The aforementioned concepts open up novel possibilities for the click reaction's archetype, the copper‐catalyzed Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of organic azides and alkynes. Azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) employs several popular Cu(I) systems, which include the CuSO 4 ‐ascorbate system, 16 Cu(I)/(II) and Cu‐coordination complex supported on ligands, 17 Cu(I)‐zeolite, 18 polymer‐supported Cu(I), 19 copper NPs, 20,21 magnetic Cu/Fe bimetallic NPs, 22 metallic copper turning, magnetic nano‐Fe 3 O 4 @‐TiO 2 /Cu 2 O, graphene/charcoal supported Cu 2 O NPs, 23 and dicopper‐substituted silicotungstate 24 . Although the aforementioned cycloaddition has been extensively investigated, the potential utilization of green synthesized copper oxide NPs in this reaction is scant, and there is still room for further research.…”