The fate of lignin and lignin‐derived compounds in anaerobic environments

Young, L. Y.; Frazer, Anne Cornish

doi:10.1080/01490458709385973

Cited by 127 publications

(75 citation statements)

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“…Guaiacyl is then converted to catechols and phenols. Young and Frazer (1987) and Frazer and Young (1986) experimentally proved the occurrence of demethylation processes, proposing the mechanism as a simple reaction in which the methoxygroups are used as Ct substrate for acetogenic bacteria. In our data, no significant increase in methoxycatechol, catechol and phenolic compounds is observed which indicates that no demethylation and dehydroxylation processes occur in raised bog deposits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies especially focus on the effects of (an)aerobic biodegradation processes on the complex lignin macromolecule which is an important coal precursor. Many authors have shown that the aromatic constituents of coal are derived from defunctionalized lignin although information about the exact chemical pathways of anaerobic lignin degradation is scarce (Young and Frazer, 1987). More is known about the aerobic decay of lignin-derived standard compounds using aerobic fungi (Sarkanen, 1991;Umezawa and Higuchi, 1991), but it is difficult to relate the established chemical decomposition pathways with the decomposition of the lignin complex in natural environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A combined pyrolysis mass spectrometric and light microscopic study of peatified Calluna wood isolated from raised bog peat deposits

Heijden

Boon

1994

Organic Geochemistry

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A combined pyrolysis mass spectrometric and light microscopic study of peatified Calluna wood isolated from raised bog peat deposits van der Heyden, E.; Boon, J.J. (1994). A combined pyrolysis mass spectrometric and light microscopic study of peatified Calluna wood isolated from raised bog peat deposits. Organic Geochemistry, 22(6), 903-919. DOI: 10.1016/0146-6380(94)90028-0 General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Download date: 10 May 2018 Pergamon 0146-6380(94)00095-6Org. Geochem. Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 903-919, 1994 Copyright Abstract--Stem wood of the Angiosperm Calluna vulgaris (Scotch heather), isolated at different depths from a selection of raised bog peat deposits, was chemically characterized using in-source pyrolysis mass spectrometry (Py-MS) and Curie-point pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS).Light microscopy was performed to relate mass spectrometric characteristics with anatomical features. Peatified wood samples, isolated from increasing depth show a gradual decrease in carbohydrate content. This decrease is anatomically reflected in a selective removal of secondary cell wall material from the fibre-tracheids and wood parenchyma. During prolonged peatification a selective removal of hemicellulose sugars is observed, while a part of the cellulose fraction is preserved. This highly resistant cellulose is mainly located in the secondary cell walls of the vessels. The lignin macromolecule is preserved, but a gradual decrease in syringyl to guaiacyl ratio (S/G) is observed during peatification. Because no increase in catechol and phenolic compounds is observed, we conclude that S/G shifts are due to the removal of syringyl-rich secondary cell wall material and the retention of guaiacyl-rich compound middle lamella, Small chemical changes in the lignin macromolecule involve shifts in oxygen substitutions on the aliphatic side chains of the methoxyphenolics and the occurrence of aromatic acids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined pyrolysis mass spectrometric and light microscopic study of peatified Calluna wood isolated from raised bog peat deposits

Heijden

Boon

1994

Organic Geochemistry

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“…This is because lignin degradation requires other substrates such as glucose as well as the inability of lignin to serve as an energy source and the increased recalcitrance of lignin during humification (Martin and Haider, 1980). In the absence of significant anaerobic decomposition of lignin, lignin and lignin-derived materials accumulate gradually forming the basis of brown coal and peat deposits (Young and Frazer, 1987;see Fig. 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of terrigenous organic carbon input to the total organic carbon in sediments from Scottish transitional waters (sea lochs): methodology and preliminary results

Loh

Reeves

Overnell³

et al. 2002

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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This paper addresses the assessment of terrestrially derived organic carbon in sediments from two Scottish sea lochs. The results illustrate a smooth decrease in area-specific sediment oxygen uptake rates along a transect of six stations from the head of Loch Creran to the sea, from 18.7 mmol O 2 m -2 d -1 to 6.6 mmol O 2 m -2 d -1 . Measurement of the losses on ignition at two temperatures (250°C and 500°C) of the sediment fraction from 1-2cm depth at the same stations enabled the proportion of weight loss that occurred over the high temperature range to be calculated. These show a smooth increase from 0.33 to 0.62. These observations indicate that (a) the amount of easily biodegradable organic material in the sediment decreases by two-thirds along the transect and (b) the proportion of refractory organic material in the sediment increases along the same transect. This suggests strongly that terrigenous organic material, brought down by the River Creran is a very important fuel for sediment diagenetic processes in this system. Preliminary analyses of the lignin composition of the same sediments indicate the predominance of non-woody gymnosperm tissue. Lignin is used as a proxy for terrigenous allochthonous material. Comparative data for Loch Etive are also presented.

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“…However, since true autotrophic environments (i.e., environments that are totally free of heterotrophic substrates) seldom if ever exist in nature, acetogens are likely fused to environmental food chains by virtue of other'diverse metabolic activities which are not strictly autotrophic. In this regard, recent findings suggest that acetogens are metabolically integrated in nature to the anaerobic biotransformation of lignin-derived aromatic compounds (3,9,42). Studies to date indicate that acetogens contribute to this process by integrating the following aromatic substituents into the flow of both carbon and energy during acetogenesis: methoxyl groups (2, 6-8, 11, 21), acrylate groups (14,37), aldehydes (28), and carboxyl groups (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Expression of an aromatic-dependent decarboxylase which provides growth-essential CO2 equivalents for the acetogenic (Wood) pathway of Clostridium thermoaceticum

1990

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: 1990). By using 4-hydroxybenzoate as a model substrate, an assay was devel9ped to study the expression apd activity of the decarboxylase involved in the activa'tion of aromatic carboxyl groups. The aromatic-dppendent decarboxylase was induced by carboxylated aromatic compounds in the early'stages of'growth and was not repressed by glucose or. other acetogenic substrates; nonutilizable carboxylated aromatic compounds did not induce the decarboxylase. The decarboxylase activity displayed saturation kinetics at both whole-cell and cell extract levels, was sensitive to oxidation, and was not affected by exogenous energy sources. However, at the whole-cell level, metabolic inhibitors decreased the decarboxylase activity. Supplemental biotin or avidin did not significantly affect decarboxylation. The aromatic-dependent decarboxylase was specific for benzoates with a hydroxyl group in the para position of the aromatic ring; the meta position could bie occupied by various substituent groups (-H, -OH, -OCH3, -Cl, or -F). The carboxyl carbon from [carboxyl-'4C]vaniliate went primarily to 14C02 in short-term decarboxylase assays. During growth, the aromatic carboxyl group went primarily to CO2 under C02-enriched conditions. However, under C02-limited conditions, the aromatic carboxyl carbon went nearly totally to acetate, with equal distribution between the carboxyl and methyl carbons, thus demonstrating that acetate could be totally synthesized from aromatic carboxyl groups. In contrast, when cocultivated (i.e., supplemented) with CO under C02-limited conditions, the aromatic carboxyl group went primarily to the methyl carbon of acetate.

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The fate of lignin and lignin‐derived compounds in anaerobic environments

Cited by 127 publications

References 91 publications

A combined pyrolysis mass spectrometric and light microscopic study of peatified Calluna wood isolated from raised bog peat deposits

A combined pyrolysis mass spectrometric and light microscopic study of peatified Calluna wood isolated from raised bog peat deposits

Assessment of terrigenous organic carbon input to the total organic carbon in sediments from Scottish transitional waters (sea lochs): methodology and preliminary results

Expression of an aromatic-dependent decarboxylase which provides growth-essential CO2 equivalents for the acetogenic (Wood) pathway of Clostridium thermoaceticum

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