The fate of lysergic acid di[14C]ethylamide ([14C]LSD) in the rat, guinea pig and rhesus monkey and of [14C]iso-LSD in rat

Siddik, Zahid H.; Barnes, Roger D.; Dring, L. G.; Smith, Robert L.; Williams, R. T.

doi:10.1016/0006-2952(79)90618-x

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Compared to LSD, in the mass spectrum resulting from the precursor ion of m / z 340 all major fragments were shifted by 16 u indicating a hydroxylation on the tetracyclic ring system (Figure B). Two HO‐LSD isomers hydroxylated in positions 13 and 14 on the indole moiety were proposed from initial metabolism studies in rats . In humans, presence of either 13‐ or 14‐HO‐LSD as definite chemical structure has never been proven.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two HO-LSD isomers hydroxylated in positions 13 and 14 on the indole moiety were proposed from initial metabolism studies in rats. [43,44] In humans, presence of either 13-or 14-HO-LSD as definite chemical structure has never been proven. Previous studies in human urine could only identify one peak for HO-LSD without conclusive structure elucidation 11 .…”

Section: Initial Screening For Lsd Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and validation of an ultra‐fast and sensitive microflow liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (MFLC‐MS/MS) method for quantification of LSD and its metabolites in plasma and application to a controlled LSD administration study in humans

Steuer

Poetzsch

Stock

et al. 2016

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a semi-synthetic hallucinogen that has gained popularity as a recreational drug and has been investigated as an adjunct to psychotherapy. Analysis of LSD represents a major challenge in forensic toxicology due to its instability, low drug concentrations, and short detection windows in biological samples. A new, fast, and sensitive microflow liquid chromatography (MFLC) tandem mass spectrometry method for the validated quantification of LSD, iso-LSD, 2-oxo 3-hydroxy-LSD (oxo-HO-LSD), and N-desmethyl-LSD (nor-LSD) was developed in plasma and applied to a controlled pharmacokinetic (PK) study in humans to test whether LSD metabolites would offer for longer detection windows. Five hundred microlitres of plasma were extracted by solid phase extraction. Analysis was performed on a Sciex Eksigent MFLC system coupled to a Sciex 5500 QTrap. The method was validated according to (inter)-national guidelines. MFLC allowed for separation of the mentioned analytes within 3 minutes and limits of quantification of 0.01 ng/mL. Validation criteria were fulfilled for all analytes. PK data could be calculated for LSD, iso-LSD, and oxo-HO-LSD in all participants. Additionally, hydroxy-LSD (HO-LSD) and HO-LSD glucuronide could be qualitatively detected and PK determined in 11 and 8 subjects, respectively. Nor-LSD was only sporadically detected. Elimination half-lives of iso-LSD (median 12 h) and LSD metabolites (median 9, 7.4, 12, and 11 h for oxo-HO-LSD, HO-LSD, HO-LSD-gluc, and nor-LSD, respectively) exceeded those of LSD (median 4.2 h). However, screening for metabolites to increase detection windows in plasma seems not to be constructive due to their very low concentrations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Initial Screening For Lsd Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of an ultra‐fast and sensitive microflow liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (MFLC‐MS/MS) method for quantification of LSD and its metabolites in plasma and application to a controlled LSD administration study in humans

Steuer

Poetzsch

Stock

et al. 2016

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…), and rhesus monkeys (0.15 mg/kg i.m.) by Siddik et al [103]. [ 14 C]‐LSD is almost completely metabolized by all three species, and only very little of the unchanged drug is excreted.…”

Section: Pharmacokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pharmacology of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: A Review

Passie

Halpern

Stichtenoth

et al. 2008

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

384

319

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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was synthesized in 1938 and its psychoactive effects discovered in 1943. It was used during the 1950s and 1960s as an experimental drug in psychiatric research for producing so-called "experimental psychosis" by altering neurotransmitter system and in psychotherapeutic procedures ("psycholytic" and "psychedelic" therapy). From the mid 1960s, it became an illegal drug of abuse with widespread use that continues today. With the entry of new methods of research and better study oversight, scientific interest in LSD has resumed for brain research and experimental treatments. Due to the lack of any comprehensive review since the 1950s and the widely dispersed experimental literature, the present review focuses on all aspects of the pharmacology and psychopharmacology of LSD. A thorough search of the experimental literature regarding the pharmacology of LSD was performed and the extracted results are given in this review. (Psycho-) pharmacological research on LSD was extensive and produced nearly 10,000 scientific papers. The pharmacology of LSD is complex and its mechanisms of action are still not completely understood. LSD is physiologically well tolerated and psychological reactions can be controlled in a medically supervised setting, but complications may easily result from uncontrolled use by layman. Actually there is new interest in LSD as an experimental tool for elucidating neural mechanisms of (states of) consciousness and there are recently discovered treatment options with LSD in cluster headache and with the terminally ill.

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“…Em ratos, macacos e porcos, esses mesmos metabólitos também são encontrados, mas em diferentes proporções. 17,23,24 Figura 5. Estruturas químicas do LSD e seus metabólitos.…”

Section: Dados Farmacológicosunclassified

“…Estruturas químicas do LSD e seus metabólitos. 24 Devido ao metabolismo rápido, com tempo de meia vida de 3-6 horas, as análises de traços de LSD na urina e soro ser tornam particularmente difícil, sendo muitas vezes necessária a inclusão destes metabólitos em sua detecção. 15 22-29…”

Section: Dados Farmacológicosunclassified

Desenvolvimento de métodos voltamétricos para a quantificação de LSD utilizando-se o eletrodo de pasta de carbono modificado com complexo de base de Schiff

Ribeiro¹

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AGRADECIMENTOSAos meus tios e primos por estarem sempre presentes e pelo incentivo.A minha avó Lucília pelo exemplo de força.Ao Prof. Dr. Marcelo Firmino de Oliveira pela orientação, muita paciência e dedicação, mesmo a longa distância.Ao Prof. Dr. José Fernando de Andrade pelas conversas e lições de vida que seguirão comigo.Aos meus colegas de laboratório, Érica, Maraine, José, Marco, Izabel, Laura, Alex e Juliana pela amizade e por todas as risadas compartilhadas, mesmo em momentos difíceis.A Érica, Maraine e Laura, pelo quarteto fantástico! Ao técnico Luiz Carlos Zanatto por encontrar a solução para todos os problemas, ou quase todos.A Maria Gabriela Zacarin pela amizade incondicional e pelo apoio em todo o percurso desde a graduação.Aos Prof. Dr. Zeki Naal e Prof. Dr. Edward R. Dockal pelo fornecimento do pó de carbono e dos complexos das bases de Schiff.Aos professores do programa de pós-graduação pela contribuição para a minha formação e realização deste trabalho. Nos últimos anos, vários métodos eletroanalíticos foram desenvolvidos a fim de tornarem mais práticas e acessíveis às análises químicas de substâncias entorpecentes realizadas pela polícia científica. Com a sensibilidade e seletividade compatíveis com as dos métodos instrumentais convencionais, é a portabilidade da técnica eletroanalítica que se sobressai e tem apresentado grande potencial para tais aplicações.O uso de complexos metálicos com as bases de Schiff como modificadores do eletrodo de trabalho, tornou ainda mais promissora a utilização destes métodos para a detecção e quantificação de entorpecentes. Os eletrodos de pasta de carbono também contribuem para a praticidade da eletroanalítica, uma vez que são produzidos de forma simples e barata.

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The fate of lysergic acid di[14C]ethylamide ([14C]LSD) in the rat, guinea pig and rhesus monkey and of [14C]iso-LSD in rat

Cited by 31 publications

References 14 publications

Development and validation of an ultra‐fast and sensitive microflow liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (MFLC‐MS/MS) method for quantification of LSD and its metabolites in plasma and application to a controlled LSD administration study in humans

Development and validation of an ultra‐fast and sensitive microflow liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (MFLC‐MS/MS) method for quantification of LSD and its metabolites in plasma and application to a controlled LSD administration study in humans

The Pharmacology of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: A Review

Desenvolvimento de métodos voltamétricos para a quantificação de LSD utilizando-se o eletrodo de pasta de carbono modificado com complexo de base de Schiff

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