The fate of ribosomal <scp>RNA</scp> genes in spontaneous polyploid dogrose hybrids [<i>Rosa</i> L. sect. <i>Caninae</i> (<scp>DC</scp>.) Ser.] exhibiting non‐symmetrical meiosis

Herklotz, Veit; Kovařı́k, Aleš; Lunerová, Jana; Lippitsch, Susan; Groth, Marco; Ritz, Christiane M.

doi:10.1111/tpj.13843

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Caninae) by Rosa gallica and Rosa arvensis which perform regular meiosis (Wissemann and Ritz, 2005;Fougere-Danezan et al, 2015). Thus, Canina meiosis has been probably evolved twice, which is supported by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses of meiotic chromosomes (Herklotz et al, 2018;Lunerova et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Ser. (dogroses), originated by multiple hybridization events (Ritz et al, 2005;Herklotz et al, 2018) represent a remarkable evolutionary lineage because they exhibit a peculiar unbalanced mode of sexual reproduction also known as Canina meiosis (Täckholm, 1920;Blackburn and Harrison, 1921). Canina meiosis results in a strongly matroclinal inheritance of genetic information since two pairing genomes form bivalents, while the remaining genomes remain unpaired as univalents and are transmitted by the female germ line only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ancient Origin of Two 5S rDNA Families Dominating in the Genus Rosa and Their Behavior in the Canina-Type Meiosis

et al. 2021

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The genus Rosa comprises more than 100 woody species characterized by intensive hybridization, introgression, and an overall complex evolutionary history. Besides many diploid species (2n = 2x = 14) polyploids ranging from 3x to 10x are frequently found. Here we analyzed 5S ribosomal DNA in 19 species covering two subgenera and the major sections within subg. Rosa. In addition to diploids and polyploids with regular meiosis, we focused on 5x dogroses (Rosa sect. Caninae), which exhibit an asymmetric meiosis differentiating between bivalent- and univalent-forming chromosomes. Using genomic resources, we reconstructed 5S rDNA units to reveal their phylogenetic relationships. Additionally, we designed locus-specific probes derived from intergenic spacers (IGSs) and determined the position and number of 5S rDNA families on chromosomes. Two major 5S rDNA families (termed 5S_A and 5S_B, respectively) were found at variable ratios in both diploid and polyploid species including members of the early diverging subgenera, Rosa persica and Rosa minutifolia. Within subg. Rosa species of sect. Rosa amplified the 5S_A variant only, while taxa of other sections contained both variants at variable ratios. The 5S_B family was often co-localized with 35S rDNA at the nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) chromosomes, whereas the co-localization of the 5S_A family with NOR was only exceptionally observed. The allo-pentaploid dogroses showed a distinct distribution of 5S rDNA families between bivalent- and univalent-forming chromosomes. In conclusion, two divergent 5S rDNA families dominate rose genomes. Both gene families apparently arose in the early history of the genus, already 30 myrs ago, and apparently survived numerous speciation events thereafter. These observations are consistent with a relatively slow genome turnover in the Rosa genus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Origin of Two 5S rDNA Families Dominating in the Genus Rosa and Their Behavior in the Canina-Type Meiosis

et al. 2021

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“…The pollen of tetraploids, hexaploids, and pentaploids can obtain one half of the paired chromosome segregation, and the eggs obtained one half of the paired chromosome segregation and unpaired univalence after meiosis in the Rosa family [21–24]. Some hybridized offsprings, such as Rosa canina and Rosa inodora , and their naturally occurring reciprocal hybrids, Rosa dumalis (5x) and Rosa agrestis (5x, 6x) are characterized by an asymmetrical meiosis enabling recombination in biparentally inherited chromosomes but preventing it in maternally inherited ones [25]. Apomixis may lead to higher ploidy levels in the offspring than in their parents, which only shown as a rather rare phenomenon in section Caninae [23], but does not occur in other roses including R. hybrida.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The strong competitive role of 2n pollen in several polyploidy hybridizations in Rosa hybrida

et al. 2019

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Background 2n pollen play a strong competitive role in hybridization and breeding of multiploids in Rosa hybrida . The ploidy inheritable characteristic of ‘Orange Fire’ × ‘Old Blush’ were analyzed. Result The results of the cytological observations indicated that 2n pollen developed from the defeated cytoplasmic division or nuclear division in the meiosis metaphase II of PMC (pollen mother cell) in ‘Old Blush’. The natural generation rate of the 2n pollen in ‘Old Blush’ (2x) was about 1.39 in percentage of all male gametes, whereas the tetraploids in the F1 offspring possessed a high rate, i.e., 44.00%. The temporal and spatial characteristics of ‘Old Blush’ pollen germination on the stigma and growth in pistil of ‘Orange Fire’ and ‘DEE’ were observed, and the results suggested that the germination rate of 2n pollen on the stigma was not superior to that of 1n pollen, but that the proportion of 2n pollen increased to 30.90 and 37.20%, respectively, while it traversed the stigma and entered into style. The callose plug in the 2n pollen tube was significantly thinner than that of 1n pollen tube. And each trait involved in our experiment probably is very important for F1 morphological phenotypes. Conclusion We conclude that 2n pollen are involved in hybridization and have a competitive advantage while it traversed the stigma and entered into style. The callose plug in the 2n pollen tube was may have strongly influenced the competitive process in R. hybrida . Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-019-1696-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…When air dried, the slides were used for FISH. FISH followed the procedures described in Herklotz et al (2018). The probes were labeled by nick translation using Spectrum green deoxyuridine triphosphates (Abbott, USA) for 18S rDNA and Cy3- deoxyuridine triphosphates (Roche, Switzerland) for 5S rDNA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Epigenetic Features of Ribosomal RNA Genes (rDNA) in Early Diverging Plants (Bryophytes)

et al. 2019

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Introduction: In plants, the multicopy genes encoding ribosomal RNA (rDNA) typically exhibit heterochromatic features and high level of DNA methylation. Here, we explored rDNA methylation in early diverging land plants from Bryophyta (15 species, 14 families) and Marchantiophyta (4 species, 4 families). DNA methylation was investigated by methylation-sensitive Southern blot hybridization in all species. We also carried out whole genomic bisulfite sequencing in Polytrichum formosum (Polytrichaceae) and Dicranum scoparium (Dicranaceae) and used available model plant methyloms (Physcomitrella patents and Marchantia polymorpha) to determine rDNA unit-wide methylation patterns. Chromatin structure was analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunoprecipitation (CHIP) assays.Results: In contrast to seed plants, bryophyte rDNAs were efficiently digested with methylation-sensitive enzymes indicating no or low levels of CG and CHG methylation in these loci. The rDNA methylom analyses revealed variation between species ranging from negligible (<3%, P. formosum, P. patens) to moderate (7 and 17% in M. polymorpha and D. scoparium, respectively) methylation levels. There were no differences between coding and noncoding parts of rDNA units and between gametophyte and sporophyte tissues. However, major satellite repeat and transposable elements were heavily methylated in P. formosum and D. scoparium. In P. formosum rDNA, the euchromatic H3K4m3 and heterochromatic H3K9m2 histone marks were nearly balanced contrasting the angiosperms data where H3K9m2 typically dominates rDNA chromatin. In moss interphase nuclei, rDNA was localized at the nucleolar periphery and its condensation level was high.Conclusions: Unlike seed plants, the rRNA genes seem to escape global methylation machinery in bryophytes. Distinct epigenetic features may be related to rDNA expression and the physiology of these early diverging plants that exist in haploid state for most of their life cycles.

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The fate of ribosomal RNA genes in spontaneous polyploid dogrose hybrids [Rosa L. sect. Caninae (DC.) Ser.] exhibiting non‐symmetrical meiosis

Cited by 16 publications

References 76 publications

Ancient Origin of Two 5S rDNA Families Dominating in the Genus Rosa and Their Behavior in the Canina-Type Meiosis

Ancient Origin of Two 5S rDNA Families Dominating in the Genus Rosa and Their Behavior in the Canina-Type Meiosis

The strong competitive role of 2n pollen in several polyploidy hybridizations in Rosa hybrida

Unique Epigenetic Features of Ribosomal RNA Genes (rDNA) in Early Diverging Plants (Bryophytes)

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