The fate of SARS-COV-2 in WWTPS points out the sludge line as a suitable spot for detection of COVID-19

Balboa, Sabela; Mauricio‐Iglesias, Miguel; Rodríguez, Santiago; Martínez-Lamas, Lucía; Vasallo, Francisco J.; Regueiro, Benito; Lema, Juan M.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145268

Cited by 194 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Previous studies have indicated that 0–50% viruses could be removed by the primary stage of the treatment process depending on the settling time ( Gerba, 1981 ). According to a recent study, SARS-CoV-2 RNA is present in 50% of discharging samples after being allowed to settle down in the primary stage of wastewater treatment ( Balboa et al, 2021 ). This analytical study proclaimed the insufficiency of gravitational settling for the absolute removal of viruses from the wastewater under the primary stage of the wastewater treatment process at a WWTP ( Saawarn and Hait, 2021 ).…”

Section: Approaches To Processes For the Removal Of Sars-cov-2 In Wastewater Processing Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, a study by Arora et al (2020) revealed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the samples that were treated through SBR, AS and MBBR wastewater treatment processes. Notably, considering the COVID-19 pandemic, SBR and MBBR have been proved to be efficient secondary treatment techniques for removing SARS-CoV-2 RNA from the wastewater, according to the latest research of Balboa et al (2021) . Kumar et al (2021) recently reported a reduction in the existence of viruses after upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) for municipal wastewater treatment exceeded the level of 1.5-log 10 , which was also seen in the case of other genomes linked with SARS-CoV-2 RNA.…”

Section: Approaches To Processes For the Removal Of Sars-cov-2 In Wastewater Processing Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in light of the current knowledge of treatment process for removal of viral fragments

Sangkham

2021

Journal of Environmental Management

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The entire globe is affected by the novel disease of coronavirus 2019 (COVID–19 or 2019–nCoV), which is formally recognised as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV–2). The World Health Organisation (WHO) announced this disease as a global pandemic. The presence of SARS-CoV–2 RNA in unprocessed wastewater has become a cause of worry due to these emerging pathogens in the process of wastewater treatment, as reported in the present study. This analysis intends to interpret the destiny, environmental factors and route of transmission of SARS–CoV–2, along with its eradication by treating the wastewater for controlling and preventing its further spread. Different recovery estimations of the virus have been depicted by the detection of SARS-CoV–2 RNA in wastewater through the viral concentration techniques. Most frequently used viral concentration techniques include polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, ultrafiltration, electronegative membrane, and ultracentrifugation, after which the detection and quantification of SARS-CoV–2 RNA are done in wastewater samples through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR). The wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) holds the key responsibility of eliminating pathogens prior to the discharge of wastewater into surface water bodies. The removal of SARS–CoV–2 RNA at the treatment stage is dependent on the operations of wastewater treatment systems during the outbreak of the virus; particularly, in the urban and extensively populated regions. Efficient primary, secondary and tertiary methods of wastewater treatment and disinfection can reduce or inactivate SARS–CoV–2 RNA before being drained out. Nonetheless, further studies regarding COVID-19-related disinfectants, environment conditions and viral concentrations in each treatment procedure, implications on the environment and regular monitoring of transmission need to be done urgently. Hence, monitoring the SARS–CoV–2 RNA in samples of wastewater under the procedure of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) supplement the real-time data pertaining to the investigation of the COVID-19 pandemic in the community, regional and national levels.

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Section: Approaches To Processes For the Removal Of Sars-cov-2 In Wastewater Processing Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Approaches To Processes For the Removal Of Sars-cov-2 In Wastewater Processing Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in light of the current knowledge of treatment process for removal of viral fragments

Sangkham

2021

Journal of Environmental Management

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“… Environmental samples Methods Primers or probes [providers]. References Wastewater RT-qPCR N_Sarbeco [Tib-Molbiol (Berlin, Germany)] NIID_2019-nCOV_N [TOYOBO, Japan] Ahmed et al, 2000 Wastewater Sewage sludge RT-qPCR RdRp; N-gene; E-gene [Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA] Balboa et al (2020) Wastewater RT-PCR 2019-nCoV_N1–F • 2019-nCoV_N1-R • 2019-nCoV_N1–P [CDC 2019-nCoV Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel] Medema et al (2020a) , b Wastewater RT-PCR Fast Start Universal Probe Master, forward and reverse primers including, TaqMan probe [Sigma-Aldrich] Or et al, 2020 Raw wastewater RT-qPCR nucleocapsid N gene [CDC 2019-nCoV Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel] Wu et al (2020) Raw wastewater RT-qPCR E_Sarbeco_F • E_Sarbeco_P1 • E_Sarbeco_R [Tib-Molbiol (Berlin Germany)] Wurtzer et al (2021) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste: A review about virus surveillance, infectivity, and inactivation

Anand

Kumari

et al. 2022

Environmental Research

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This review discusses the techniques available for detecting and inactivating of pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste. In view of the current COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 is being given special attention, with a thorough examination of all possible transmission pathways linked to the selected waste matrices. Despite the lack of works focused on landfill leachate, a systematic review method, based on cluster analysis, allows to analyze the available papers devoted to sewage sludge and wastewater, allowing to focalize the work on technologies able to detect and treat pathogens. In this work, great attention is also devoted to infectivity and transmission mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the literature analysis shows that sewage sludge and landfill leachate seem to have a remote chance to act as a virus transmission route (pollution-to-human transmission) due to improper collection and treatment of municipal wastewater and solid waste. However due to the incertitude about virus infectivity, these possibilities cannot be excluded and need further investigation. As a conclusion, this paper shows that additional research is required not only on the coronavirus-specific disinfection, but also the regular surveillance or monitoring of viral loads in sewage sludge, wastewater, and landfill leachate. The disinfection strategies need to be optimized in terms of dosage and potential adverse impacts like antimicrobial resistance, among many other factors. Finally, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogenic microorganisms in sewage sludge, wastewater, and landfill leachate can hamper the possibility to ensure safe water and public health in economically marginalized countries and hinder the realization of the United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDGs).

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“… 35 Balboa et al thoroughly investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viruses in Spanish WWTPs and suggested that most SARS-CoV-2 viral particles were concentrated in the sludge lines, indicating that the solid fraction of wastewater is a potential hot spot for detecting SARS-CoV-2. 34 Moreover, a systematic assessment of the adsorption behavior of waterborne viruses to solid interfaces has pointed out that electrostatics and the hydrophobic effect of different surfaces favor adsorption of the virus onto different solids. 44 Our findings support these previous studies, 3 , 8 , 32 − 34 which suggest that inclusion of the solid phase in the analysis of wastewater will maximize recovery of viral signals in wastewater and improve its usefulness as a surveillance tool for WBE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 34 Moreover, a systematic assessment of the adsorption behavior of waterborne viruses to solid interfaces has pointed out that electrostatics and the hydrophobic effect of different surfaces favor adsorption of the virus onto different solids. 44 Our findings support these previous studies, 3 , 8 , 32 − 34 which suggest that inclusion of the solid phase in the analysis of wastewater will maximize recovery of viral signals in wastewater and improve its usefulness as a surveillance tool for WBE. It should be noted that methods of RNA extraction could affect downstream analysis, and its optimization is an ongoing research and development area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Multiplexed Amplicon-Based Sequencing to Quantify SARS-CoV-2 RNA from Wastewater

Maulani

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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The application of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to support the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic has shown encouraging outcomes. The accurate, sensitive, and high-throughput detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in municipal wastewater is critical for WBE. Here, we present a novel approach based on multiplexed amplicon-based sequencing, namely the ATOPlex platform, for detecting SARS-CoV-2. The ATOPlex platform is capable of quantifying SARS-CoV-2 RNA at concentrations that are at least 1 order of magnitude lower than the detection limit of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Robust and accurate phylogenetic placement can be done at viral concentrations 4 times lower than the detection limit of RT-qPCR. We further found that the solid fraction in wastewater harbors a considerable amount of viral RNA, highlighting the need to extract viral RNA from the solid and liquid fractions of wastewater. This study delivers a highly sensitive, phylogenetically informative, and high-throughput analytical workflow that facilitates the application of WBE.

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The fate of SARS-COV-2 in WWTPS points out the sludge line as a suitable spot for detection of COVID-19

Cited by 194 publications

References 30 publications

A review on detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in light of the current knowledge of treatment process for removal of viral fragments

A review on detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in light of the current knowledge of treatment process for removal of viral fragments

SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in municipal wastewater, landfill leachate, and solid waste: A review about virus surveillance, infectivity, and inactivation

Novel Multiplexed Amplicon-Based Sequencing to Quantify SARS-CoV-2 RNA from Wastewater

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