The Fate of Synaptic Input to NG2 Glial Cells: Neurons Specifically Downregulate Transmitter Release onto Differentiating Oligodendroglial Cells

Kukley, Maria; Nishiyama, Akiko; Dietrich, Dirk

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0854-10.2010

Cited by 157 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…They are also transient within the lineage. AMPA and NMDA receptor expression is rapidly down-regulated and synapses are removed when OPCs begin to differentiate, indicating that the precursor stage is uniquely specialized to engage in rapid communication with neurons (De Biase et al 2010;Kukley et al 2010). In neurons, excitatory synapses induce depolarization to allow Ca 2þ influx through NMDA receptors and voltage-gated Ca 2þ channels, and initiate action potentials to induce changes in synaptic strength, gene expression, and to enable rapid transfer of information.…”

Section: Axoglial Synaptic Signaling and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligodendrocyte Development and Plasticity

Bergles

Richardson

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

457

437

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Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) originate in the ventricular zones (VZs) of the brain and spinal cord and migrate throughout the developing central nervous system (CNS) before differentiating into myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs). It is not known whether OPCs or OLs from different parts of the VZ are functionally distinct. OPCs persist in the postnatal CNS, where they continue to divide and generate myelinating OLs at a decreasing rate throughout adult life in rodents. Adult OPCs respond to injury or disease by accelerating their cell cycle and increasing production of OLs to replace lost myelin. They also form synapses with unmyelinated axons and respond to electrical activity in those axons by generating more OLs and myelin locally. This experience-dependent "adaptive" myelination is important in some forms of plasticity and learning, for example, motor learning. We review the control of OL lineage development, including OL population dynamics and adaptive myelination in the adult CNS.

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Section: Axoglial Synaptic Signaling and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligodendrocyte Development and Plasticity

Bergles

Richardson

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

457

437

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“…However, although it appears that at early postnatal stages essentially all OPCs have synaptic input Ge et al, 2009), as soon as these cells start differentiating into NG2-PLP+ cells and acquiring a myelinating morphology, the size of the currents and the expression of the operant neurotransmitter receptors become reduced (De Biase et al, 2010;Kukley et al, 2010). After a demyelinating injury, newly born OPCs also receive synaptic input from unmyelinated glutamatergic axons, and as these OPCs differentiate and the axons get remyelinated, synaptic connectivity is lost (Etxeberria et al, 2010).…”

Section: Can An Axon-opc Synapse Turn Into a Myelin Sheath?mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the resemblance of synapse formation and CNS myelination

Almeida

Lyons

2014

Neuroscience

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“…This possibility is supported by the fact that OPC lose their synapses as they differentiate 1768 Volume 62, No. 11 into myelinating oligodendrocytes (Kukley et al, 2010). Therefore, it is plausible that glutamatergic synapses inhibit OPC proliferation in an activity-dependent manner (Mangin and Gallo, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Neurotransmitter signaling in white matter

Butt

Fern

Matute

2014

Glia

113

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White matter (WM) tracts are bundles of myelinated axons that provide for rapid communication throughout the CNS and integration in grey matter (GM). The main cells in myelinated tracts are oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, with small populations of microglia and oligodendrocyte precursor cells. The prominence of neurotransmitter signaling in WM, which largely exclude neuronal cell bodies, indicates it must have physiological functions other than neuron-to-neuron communication. A surprising aspect is the diversity of neurotransmitter signaling in WM, with evidence for glutamatergic, purinergic (ATP and adenosine), GABAergic, glycinergic, adrenergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling, acting via a wide range of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Both axons and glia are potential sources of neurotransmitters and may express the respective receptors. The physiological functions of neurotransmitter signaling in WM are subject to debate, but glutamate and ATP-mediated signaling have been shown to evoke Ca 21 signals in glia and modulate axonal conduction. Experimental findings support a model of neurotransmitters being released from axons during action potential propagation acting on glial receptors to regulate the homeostatic functions of astrocytes and myelination by oligodendrocytes. Astrocytes also release neurotransmitters, which act on axonal receptors to strengthen action potential propagation, maintaining signaling along potentially long axon tracts. The co-existence of multiple neurotransmitters in WM tracts suggests they may have diverse functions that are important for information processing. Furthermore, the neurotransmitter signaling phenomena described in WM most likely apply to myelinated axons of the cerebral cortex and GM areas, where they are doubtless important for higher cognitive function. GLIA 2014;62:1762-1779 Key words: glia, axon, astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, glutamate, ATP Introduction W hite matter (WM) is defined as a tract of myelinated axons-WM appears opaque or dense due to the fatty myelin in anatomical sections and in brain scans. Notwithstanding this, myelination is not restricted to WM and is also critical to rapid communication and integration in grey matter (GM) areas, such as in axons in the cortical GM and hippocampus. Hence, many aspects of neurotransmitter signaling to be covered in this review have resonance in GM and higher cognitive function. Indeed, in the human brain WM is a prominent feature of the cerebral cortex, the seat of higher intelligence. Myelination of GM is also evident in rodents, but discrete WM tracts are not pronounced in the cerebral cortex. As a general concept, WM are simply concentrations of myelinated axons bundled together into tracts that interconnect areas of GM. The molecular physiology of myelinated axons will be very similar in WM and GM, and they will be subject to the same neurotransmitter signaling phenomena that is the subject of this review. The main cells associated with myelinated axons are the myelinating oligodendro...

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The Fate of Synaptic Input to NG2 Glial Cells: Neurons Specifically Downregulate Transmitter Release onto Differentiating Oligodendroglial Cells

Abstract: NG2-expressing oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs

Cited by 157 publications

References 34 publications

Oligodendrocyte Development and Plasticity

Oligodendrocyte Development and Plasticity

On the resemblance of synapse formation and CNS myelination

Neurotransmitter signaling in white matter

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