“…The dependent variable was the survival rate of primary molars until exfoliation that had been treated according to the three treatment protocols (CRT, ART, and UCT). The independent variables were age at baseline (6–7 years), gender, mean dmft score at baseline, type of surface (single, multiple), operator , and type of molar (1st, 2nd). A treated tooth was extracted because of toothache, dental sepsis (fistula/abscess), or pulp exposure.…”