The fate of W chromosomes in hybrids between wild silkmoths, Samia cynthia ssp.: no role in sex determination and reproduction

Yoshido, Atsuo; Marec, František; Sahara, Ken

doi:10.1038/hdy.2015.110

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The above designs assume a 'dominant W' sex determination system in DBMie the existence of a Fem orthologueor functionally similar upstream signal. However, evidence suggests that the ancestral 'Z counting' mechanismwhere sex is determined by dosage of Z-linked genes -may be present even in lepidopterans with a WZ/ZZ sex chromosome arrangement (Yoshido et al, 2016). Although the ultimate sex-determination signals in DBM have yet to be identified, use of Masc is not dependent on the dominant W system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of a Masculinizer homologue in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella

Harvey‐Samuel

Norman

Carter

et al. 2019

Insect Molecular Biology

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Recently, a novel sex‐determination system was identified in the silkworm (Bombyx mori) in which a piwi‐interacting RNA (piRNA) encoded on the female‐specific W chromosome silences a Z‐linked gene (Masculinizer) that would otherwise initiate male sex‐determination and dosage compensation. Masculinizer provides various opportunities for developing improved genetic pest management tools. A pest lepidopteran in which a genetic pest management system has been developed, but which would benefit greatly from such improved designs, is the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. However, Masculinizer has not yet been identified in this species. Here, focusing on the previously described ‘masculinizing’ domain of B. mori Masculinizer, we identify P. xylostella Masculinizer (PxyMasc). We show that PxyMasc is Z‐linked, regulates sex‐specific alternative splicing of doublesex and is necessary for male survival. Similar results in B. mori suggest this survival effect is possibly through failure to initiate male dosage compensation. The highly conserved function and location of this gene between these two distantly related lepidopterans suggests a deep role for Masculinizer in the sex‐determination systems of the Lepidoptera.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of a Masculinizer homologue in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella

Harvey‐Samuel

Norman

Carter

et al. 2019

Insect Molecular Biology

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“…Spontaneous loss of a nonfunctional W chromosome may be easier than expected: in a wild silkmoth Samia cynthia , the W chromosome does not have a sex‐determining function, and Z0 females are frequently obtained in experimental crosses between subspecies (Yoshido et al. ). Wolbachia has previously been found to be associated with the loss and birth of W chromosomes in the woodlouse Armadillidium vulgare (Rigaud et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, in Ostrinia moths, a female-determining function is thought to have been lost from the W chromosome in Wolbachia-infected matrilines (Sugimoto and Ishikawa 2012). Spontaneous loss of a nonfunctional W chromosome may be easier than expected: in a wild silkmoth Samia cynthia, the W chromosome does not have a sex-determining function, and Z0 females are frequently obtained in experimental crosses between subspecies (Yoshido et al 2016).…”

Section: Wolbachia Evolve?mentioning

confidence: 99%

FeminizingWolbachiaendosymbiont disrupts maternal sex chromosome inheritance in a butterfly species

et al. 2017

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Wolbachia is a maternally inherited ubiquitous endosymbiotic bacterium of arthropods that displays a diverse repertoire of host reproductive manipulations. For the first time, we demonstrate that Wolbachia manipulates sex chromosome inheritance in a sexually reproducing insect. Eurema mandarina butterfly females on Tanegashima Island, Japan, are infected with the wFem Wolbachia strain and produce all‐female offspring, while antibiotic treatment results in male offspring. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that wFem‐positive and wFem‐negative females have Z0 and WZ sex chromosome sets, respectively, demonstrating the predicted absence of the W chromosome in wFem‐infected lineages. Genomic quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis showed that wFem‐positive females lay only Z0 eggs that carry a paternal Z, whereas females from lineages that are naturally wFem‐negative lay both WZ and ZZ eggs. In contrast, antibiotic treatment of adult wFem females resulted in the production of Z0 and ZZ eggs, suggesting that this Wolbachia strain can disrupt the maternal inheritance of Z chromosomes. Moreover, most male offspring produced by antibiotic‐treated wFem females had a ZZ karyotype, implying reduced survival of Z0 individuals in the absence of feminizing effects of Wolbachia. Antibiotic treatment of wFem‐infected larvae induced male‐specific splicing of the doublesex (dsx) gene transcript, causing an intersex phenotype. Thus, the absence of the female‐determining W chromosome in Z0 individuals is functionally compensated by Wolbachia‐mediated conversion of sex determination. We discuss how Wolbachia may manipulate the host chromosome inheritance and that Wolbachia may have acquired this coordinated dual mode of reproductive manipulation first by the evolution of female‐determining function and then cytoplasmically induced disruption of sex chromosome inheritance.

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“…It was also suggested that wFem lines have lost the W chromosome, and rely on wFem for female development as curing the infection with antibiotics results in all-male offspring (Kern et al, 2015). Later work demonstrated that Wolbachia itself was responsible for the disruption of maternal Z chromosome inheritance in wFem infected females, as well as the feminisation of female ZO individuals that have lost the female-determining W chromosome (Kageyama et al, 2017).…”

Section: Feminisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering the hidden players in Lepidoptera biology: the heritable microbial endosymbionts

Duplouy

Hornett

2018

Preprint

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The Lepidoptera is one of the most widespread and recognisable insect orders. Due to their remarkable diversity, economic and ecological importance, moths and butterflies have been studied extensively over the last 200 years. More recently, the relationship between Lepidoptera and their heritable microbial endosymbionts has received increasing attention. Heritable endosymbionts reside within the host’s body and are often, but not exclusively, inherited through the female line. Advancements in molecular genetics have revealed that host-associated microbes are both extremely prevalent among arthropods and highly diverse. Furthermore, heritable endosymbionts have been repeatedly demonstrated to play an integral role in many aspects of host biology, particularly host reproduction. Here, we review the major findings of research of heritable microbial endosymbionts of butterflies and moths. We promote the Lepidoptera as important models in the study of reproductive manipulations employed by heritable endosymbionts, with the mechanisms underlying male-killing and feminisation currently being elucidated in both moths and butterflies. We also reveal that the vast majority of research undertaken of Lepidopteran endosymbionts concerns Wolbachia. While this highly prevalent bacteria is undoubtedly important, studies should move towards investigating the presence of other, and interacting endosymbionts, and we discuss the merits of examining the microbiome of Lepidoptera to this end. We finally consider the importance of understanding the influence of endosymbionts under global environmental change and when planning conservation management of endangered Lepidoptera species.

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The fate of W chromosomes in hybrids between wild silkmoths, Samia cynthia ssp.: no role in sex determination and reproduction

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

Identification and characterization of a Masculinizer homologue in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella

Identification and characterization of a Masculinizer homologue in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella

FeminizingWolbachiaendosymbiont disrupts maternal sex chromosome inheritance in a butterfly species

Uncovering the hidden players in Lepidoptera biology: the heritable microbial endosymbionts

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