The Fate of Wild Tigers

Dinerstein, Eric; Loucks, Colby; Wikramanayake, Eric; Ginsberg, Joshua R.; Sanderson, Eric W.; Seidensticker, John; Forrest, Jessica; Bryja, Gosia; Heydlauff, Andrea; Klenzendorf, Sybille; Leimgruber, Peter; Mills, Judy A.; O’Brien, Timothy G.; Shrestha, Mahendra; Simons, Ross; Songer, Melissa

doi:10.1641/b570608

Cited by 288 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Tigers (Panthera tigris) are the apex predator of Asian forest ecosystems. They are a conservation-dependent species, whose survival requires a sufficient quantity of large prey and vast swaths of contiguous forest habitat [10]. Tigers now occupy only 7% of their global historical range, which is fragmented into 76 metapopulations, called tiger conservation landscapes (TCL) [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are a conservation-dependent species, whose survival requires a sufficient quantity of large prey and vast swaths of contiguous forest habitat [10]. Tigers now occupy only 7% of their global historical range, which is fragmented into 76 metapopulations, called tiger conservation landscapes (TCL) [10]. The forest patches in each TCL are assumed to remain linked through structural (forest) corridors, but the functionality of these corridors in sustaining gene flow has not been established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forest corridors maintain historical gene flow in a tiger metapopulation in the highlands of central India

et al. 2013

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Understanding the patterns of gene flow of an endangered species metapopulation occupying a fragmented habitat is crucial for landscape-level conservation planning and devising effective conservation strategies. Tigers (Panthera tigris) are globally endangered and their populations are highly fragmented and exist in a few isolated metapopulations across their range. We used multi-locus genotypic data from 273 individual tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) from four tiger populations of the Satpura-Maikal landscape of central India to determine whether the corridors in this landscape are functional. This 45 000 km 2 landscape contains 17% of India's tiger population and 12% of its tiger habitat. We applied Bayesian and coalescent-based analyses to estimate contemporary and historical gene flow among these populations and to infer their evolutionary history. We found that the tiger metapopulation in central India has high rates of historical and contemporary gene flow. The tests for population history reveal that tigers populated central India about 10 000 years ago. Their population subdivision began about 1000 years ago and accelerated about 200 years ago owing to habitat fragmentation, leading to four spatially separated populations. These four populations have been in migration -drift equilibrium maintained by high gene flow. We found the highest rates of contemporary gene flow in populations that are connected by forest corridors. This information is highly relevant to conservation practitioners and policy makers, because deforestation, road widening and mining are imminent threats to these corridors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest corridors maintain historical gene flow in a tiger metapopulation in the highlands of central India

et al. 2013

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“…"Project Tiger" is the largest national tiger conservation program in India. Between 1997 and 2002, its budget amounted to US$17.75 million (Dinerstein et al, 2007). Founded in 1973, the initiative spent considerable effort on attempts to move villages out of the tiger reserves.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance payments: A new strategy to conserve large carnivores in the tropics?

Zabel

Engel

2010

Ecological Economics

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Biodiversity, including wildlife, is globally decreasing at alarming rates. This development has evoked calls for innovative conservation policies. In the present paper we explore the novel conservation performance payment approach which for wildlife-livestock conflicts, so far, has only been implemented in Sweden. The contribution of the paper is twofold. A structural framework of performance payments' design is developed and an empirical assessment of the approach to tiger-livestock conflicts at Bandhavgarh National Park in India, an example where conservation needs compete with humans' increasing demand for land and resources, is presented. The framework focuses on issues of scheme design such as identifying performance indicators, targeting, payment amount and timing, considerations on making payments to groups vs. individuals, scheme duration, and inadvertent side effects. The assessment of the applicability of the performance payment approach to tiger (Panthera tigris) conservation is based on a high-profile policy workshop, an interview with the park management, and 305 Terms of use: Documents inhousehold-level interviews conducted in 20 villages in the buffer zone of the park.2

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“…Due to hunting and poaching (Karanth and Stith 1999;Jhala et al 2008), habitat loss and fragmentation (Linkie et al 2006), and depletion of prey species (Karanth and Stith 1999;Miquelle et al 1999), tiger populations have declined from an estimated 100,000 in the early 1900s, to around 3,500 tigers at the beginning of this century (Dinerstein et al 2007;Morell 2007). Given their conservation needs, field studies to monitor and understand population dynamics are crucial to tiger conservation Karanth 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of gum-line recession as a reliable technique to age tigers

Fàbregas

Narro

2014

Eur J Wildl Res

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Like other members of the Panthera genus, tigers are threatened throughout their range. Given their conservation status research focused on their population dynamics in the wild is needed, including population growth, lifespan, and breeding success, which requires reliable estimates of age. Current techniques to estimate age in tigers are either not reliable and/or difficult to apply in the field. Gum-line recession accurately estimates age for mountain lions, but has never been tested for tigers. The goal of this study was to determine whether gum-line recession of the upper canine teeth is a reliable indicator of age in tigers and if so, to define the equation that enables age estimation. We measured gum-line recession in 12 individuals of known ages and performed linear regression analysis to investigate the validity of this technique for tigers. We found a strong relationship between gum-line recession and age, where the model provided reliable age estimates for animals within 1-year age classes in 10 out of 12 tigers measured, providing increased accuracy over current methods.

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The Fate of Wild Tigers

Cited by 288 publications

References 16 publications

Forest corridors maintain historical gene flow in a tiger metapopulation in the highlands of central India

Forest corridors maintain historical gene flow in a tiger metapopulation in the highlands of central India

Performance payments: A new strategy to conserve large carnivores in the tropics?

Validation of gum-line recession as a reliable technique to age tigers

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