The fatty acid and sterol composition of two marine dinoflagellates

Nichols, Peter D.; Jones, Gary J.; Leeuw, J.W. de; Johns, R. B.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)82605-9

Cited by 105 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…These compounds are often used as indicators of marine Ž . inputs e.g., Nichols et al, 1984 , but here their presence also seems to be due to freshwater algae Ž . Tayler, 1987;Thiel, 1993 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 69%

Biomarkers as organic-carbon-source and environmental indicators in the Late Quaternary Arctic Ocean: problems and perspectives

1999

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In order to examine the variation in marine and terrigenous sources of the organic matter during the last 15,000 Cal. yr Ž BP, hydrogen index values, CrN ratios, and specific biomolecules short-and long-chain n-alkanes, short-chain fatty acids, . sterols, alkenones, and pigments were determined in three sediment cores from the Laptev Sea continental margin. The results show that the interpretation of the biomarker data is much more complicated and less definitive in comparison to similar data sets from low-latitude open-ocean environments. This is mainly caused by the complexity of the Arctic Ocean system, which is characterized by a high seasonality of sea-ice cover and primary productivity, sea-ice sediment transport Ž . and a high fluvial supply of freshwater aquatic organic matter. A combination of organic geochemical, organic petrographic and micropaleontological data may yield to a more precise identification of organic-carbon sources for these Ž . complex systems. On the Laptev Sea shelf cores KD9502-14 and PS2725-5 , terrigenous organic-carbon input controlled by river discharge seems to be predominant during the last about 10,000 Cal. yr BP. Maximum supply of terrigenous organic Ž . carbon was reached in the Early Holocene i.e., about 9000-10,000 Cal. yr BP . Further offshore at the upper continental Ž . slope core PS2458-4 , a major change in organic-composition occurred near 10,000 Cal. yr BP. During this period hydrogen indices as well as the amounts of short-chain n-alkanes, short-chain fatty acids, dinosterol and brassicasterol significantly increased, indicating increased relative proportions of marine organic matter preserved in the later time interval. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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confidence: 69%

Biomarkers as organic-carbon-source and environmental indicators in the Late Quaternary Arctic Ocean: problems and perspectives

1999

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“…All fatty acid components up to carbon chain length of 22 were determined in this study, however, and the data are available on doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.602289. The short-chain n-alkanes, which are also stated to be of marine origin (Blumer et al, 1971;Prahl and Muehlhausen 1989), and the corresponding long-chain components, indicating a terrigenous organic carbon source (Nichols et al 1984;Prahl and Muehlhausen 1989;Yunker et al 1995), occur only in trace amounts in the samples. In order to estimate the relevance of ''terrestrial input'' campesterol (24-methylcholest-5-en-b-ol) and b-sitosterol (24-ethylcholest-5-en-3b-ol), synthesized by higher plants (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Lithogenic and biogenic particle fluxes on the Lomonosov Ridge (central Arctic Ocean) and their relevance for sediment accumulation: Vertical vs. lateral transport

Fahl

Nöthig

2007

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

109

107

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Investigations of lithogenic and biogenic particle fluxes using long-term sediment traps are still very rare in the northern high latitudes and are restricted to the arctic marginal seas and sub-arctic regions. Here data on the variability of fluxes of lithogenic matter, CaCO 3 , opal, and organic carbon and biomarker composition from the central Arctic Ocean are presented for a 1-year period. The study was carried out on material obtained from a long-term mooring system equipped with two multi-sampling traps, at 150 and 1550 m depth, and deployed on the southern Lomonosov Ridge close to the Laptev Sea continental margin from September 1995 to August 1996. In addition, data from surface sediments were included in the study. Annual fluxes of lithogenic matter, CaCO 3 , opal, and particulate organic carbon were 3.9, 0.8, 2.6, and 1.5 g m À2 y À1 , respectively, in the shallow trap and 11.3, 0.5, 2.9, and 1.05 g m À2 y À1 , respectively, in the deep trap.Both the shallow and the deep trap showed significant variations in vertical flux over the year. Higher values were found from mid-July to the end of October (total mass flux of 75-130 mg m À2 d À1 in the shallow trap and 40-225 mg m À2 d À1 in the deep trap). During all other months, fluxes were fairly low in both traps (most total mass flux values o10 mg m À2 d À1 ). The interval of increased fluxes can be separated into (1) a mid-July/August maximum caused by increased primary production as documented in high abundances of marine biomarkers and diatoms and (2) a September/October maximum caused by increased influence of Lena River discharge indicated by maximum lithogenic flux and large amounts of terrigenous/fluvial biomarkers in both traps. During September/October, total mass fluxes in the deep trap were significantly higher than in the shallow trap, suggesting a lateral sediment flux at greater depth. The lithogenic flux data also support the importance of sediment input from the Laptev Sea for the sediment accumulation on the Lomonosov Ridge on geological time scales, as indicated in sedimentary records from this region. r

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“…The presence of compound 13 as a dominant sterol appears to be limited mainly to a selection of dinoflagellate genera, including Gymnodinium, Gyrodinium, Heterocapsa, Pfiesteria, Prorocentrum, and Scrippsiella (Harvey et al, 1988;Piretti et al, 1997;Mansour et al, 1999;Leblond & Chapman, 2002. Compound 12 has also been found as a dominant sterol among these genera (Nichols et al, 1984;Mansour et al, 1999;Leblond & Chapman, 2002). It thus appears that neither P. aciculiferum nor S. hangoei possesses candidates for specific sterol biomarkers due to their phylogenetic closeness to the genera Pfiesteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid and sterol composition of two evolutionarily closely related dinoflagellate morphospecies from cold Scandinavian brackish and freshwaters

Leblond¹,

Anderson²,

Kofink³

et al. 2006

European Journal of Phycology

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Little is known about the lipid composition of cold-adapted dinoflagellates. Here, we investigate Peridinium aciculiferum and Scrippsiella hangoei, two cold-adapted dinoflagellate morphospecies that present significant differences in general morphology, physiology and habitat, but which share identical ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences, indicating a recent evolutionary divergence between them. Despite their present taxonomic names, it is now known that these two genetically isolated morphospecies are evolutionarily related to the so-called Pfiesteria-like species. We have found that chloroplastassociated glycolipids from P. aciculiferum and S. hangoei contained a higher relative percentage of two polyunsaturated C 18 fatty acids (octadecapentaenoic [18:5(n-3)] and octadecatetraenoic [18:4(n-3)] acids), and a lower relative percentage of hexadecanoic acid (16:0) than typically observed in previously examined warm-adapted dinoflagellate species. This suggests that these two fatty acids provided the requisite membrane fluidity for chloroplasts under a cold growth condition in these two organisms. A similar increase in 18:5(n-3) and 18:4(n-3) over warm-adapted species was also found in the phospholipids and triglycerides. P. aciculiferum and S. hangoei were also examined for the production of unique sterols that may serve as chemical biomarkers. Both were found to have a very similar sterol composition, consisting of two common dinoflagellate sterols, cholestanol and dinostanol, as dominant sterols, along with a number of other common dinoflagellate sterols as minor sterols. This demonstrated the absence of a specific steroidal biomarker but, more importantly, showed that these two morphospecies still produce very similar sterols despite having diverged in several other traits.

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The fatty acid and sterol composition of two marine dinoflagellates

Cited by 105 publications

References 41 publications

Biomarkers as organic-carbon-source and environmental indicators in the Late Quaternary Arctic Ocean: problems and perspectives

Biomarkers as organic-carbon-source and environmental indicators in the Late Quaternary Arctic Ocean: problems and perspectives

Lithogenic and biogenic particle fluxes on the Lomonosov Ridge (central Arctic Ocean) and their relevance for sediment accumulation: Vertical vs. lateral transport

Fatty acid and sterol composition of two evolutionarily closely related dinoflagellate morphospecies from cold Scandinavian brackish and freshwaters

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