The fatty-acid composition and nutrition of deep-sea holothurians from the Sea of Okhotsk

Kharlamenko, Vladimir I.; Степанов, В. Г.; Borisovets, E. E.; Kiyashko, S. I.; Svetashev, Vassilii I.

doi:10.1134/s106307401506005x

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…japonicus are 16:0, 18:0, 16:1n‐7, C 18‐24 MUFAs, 20:4n‐6, 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3. The rare acid 23:1n‐9 is common for holothurians (Kharlamenko et al, 2015; Svetashev et al, 1991), in particular for A . japonicus (Zadorozhnyj et al, 2016), and is suggested to be formed by α‐oxidation of 24:1n‐9 (Kaneniwa et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in lipid class and fatty acid composition between wild and cultured sea cucumbers, Apostichopus japonicus , explain modification and deposition of lipids

Imbs

Svetashev

Rodkina

2021

Aquaculture Research

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The Japanese sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka, 1867) is a temperate-zone species naturally distributed in coastal waters off Japan, the Korean Peninsula, northern China and Primorsky Krai of Russia. It is one of the most commercially valuable holothurians distinguished by high nutritious qualities, beneficial effect on human health, possible therapeutic applications and high pharmacological potential (Khotimchenko, 2018;Shi et al., 2016;Xu et al., 2018). Wild populations of A. japonicus have long been overharvested. Currently, almost 200,000 t (wet weight) of sea cucumbers can be produced by aquaculture each year, which significantly reduces the fishing pressure. The survivability, development and growth of A. japonicus depend on the composition of its lipids that constitute the structural base of cell membranes and energy reserve in marine invertebrates (Parrish, 2013). Fatty acids (FAs), which are chemically bound to lipid molecules, can be synthesized in tissues and obtained from food (Zhao et al., 2019). Lipid and FA compositions of numerous sea

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in lipid class and fatty acid composition between wild and cultured sea cucumbers, Apostichopus japonicus , explain modification and deposition of lipids

Imbs

Svetashev

Rodkina

2021

Aquaculture Research

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“…In the Porcupine plain, the high PUFA contents of some deep-sea holothurians have been linked to seasonal bentho-pelagic coupling and the competitive ability of some species to exploit this patchy high quality food (Hudson et al, 2004). However in other environments, the source of 20:4ω6 and 22:6ω3 used by the macrofauna is more likely autochthonous, due to low inputs from the water column (Kharlamenko et al, 2015). Piezophilic bacteria from sediments have been proposed as a source of PUFAs for the abyssal fauna, but their limited growth and activity in the natural environment generally prevent them from being significant providers of essential fatty acids for benthic consumers (for review, see .…”

Section: The Detritus-based Abyssal Food Webmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, holothurians could assimilate PUFAs produced by the resident piezophilic communities living in their intestine . Another proposed source of PUFAs for abyssal holothurians is the meiofauna (Kharlamenko et al, 2015). Bathysiphon sp., a giant abyssal foraminifer known to contain a high level of 20:4ω6 (Gooday et al, 2002), forms large fields in the lobe complex area (Sen et al, submitted, this volume) and was abundant in the vicinity of holothurian #5 (Fig.…”

Section: The Detritus-based Abyssal Food Webmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy transfer in the Congo deep-sea fan: From terrestrially-derived organic matter to chemosynthetic food webs

Pruski

Decker

Stetten

et al. 2017

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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Large amounts of recent terrestrial organic matter (OM) from the African continent are delivered to the abyssal plain by turbidity currents and accumulate in the Congo deep-sea fan. In the recent lobe complex, large clusters of vesicomyid bivalves are found all along the active channel in areas of reduced sediment. These soft-sediment communities resemble those fuelled by chemoautotrophy in cold-seep settings. The aim of this study was to elucidate feeding strategies in these macrofaunal assemblages as part of a greater effort to understand the link between the inputs of terrestrially-derived OM and the chemosynthetic habitats. The biochemical composition of the sedimentary OM was first analysed in order to evaluate how nutritious the available particulate OM is for the benthic macrofauna. The terrestrial OM is already degraded when it reaches the final depositional area. However, high biopolymeric carbon contents (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) are found in the channel of the recent lobe complex. In addition, about one to two thirds of the nitrogen can be assigned to peptide-like material. Even if this soil-derived OM is poorly digestible, turbiditic deposits contain such high amounts of organic carbon that there is enough biopolymeric carbon and proteacinous nitrogen to support dense benthic communities that contrast with the usual depauperate abyssal plains. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes and fatty acid biomarkers were then used to shed light on the feeding strategies allowing the energy transfer from the terrestrial OM brought by the turbidity currents to the abyssal food web. In the non-reduced sediment, surface detritivorous holothurians and suspension-feeding poriferans rely on detritic OM, thereby depending directly on the turbiditic deposits. The sulphur-oxidising symbiont bearing vesicomyids closely depend on the reprocessing of OM with methane and sulphide as final products. Their carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures vary greatly among sites and could reflect the intensity of the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in the sediments. Within the vesicomyid habitats, the heterotrophic fauna exhibits a distinctively light carbon Please note that this is an author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available on the publisher Web site. isotopic signature in comparison to the background sediments, clearly indicating the utilisation of chemosynthetically-derived OM. Fatty acid biomarkers further confirm that dorvilleid polychaetes consume aggregates that perform AOM. Terrestrial OM reprocessing by microbial consortium thus ensures its transfer to the benthic food web in the Congo deep-sea fan.

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“…Nevertheless, there is a possibility that foraminifera can synthesize n-7, n-8, and n-9 PUFA. Earlier, the fatty acid 21:4(n-7), along with other odd-chained PUFA, were found in lipids of thraustochytrids [21], gastropods [22,23], and deep-sea holothurians [24]. In our opinion, the structures of the 22:4(n-8) and 23:4(n-9) acids are unprecedented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

New and Uncommon Fatty Acids in Lipids of Deep‐Sea Foraminifera

Kharlamenko

Svetashev

Тарасова

2017

Lipids

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Fatty acids (FA) of agglutinating foraminifera of two genera, Bathysiphon and Rhabdammina, collected from a depth of 3307-3377 m in the Kuril Basin, Sea of Okhotsk, and adjacent deep-sea waters of the Pacific Ocean, were analyzed. In lipids of two Bathysiphon species, in addition to common FA typical for marine organisms, the uncommon ∆4 and ∆7 monoenoic acids and ∆4,7-dienoic acid were found in noticeable amounts. FA of two Rhabdammina species included also such uncommon acids as ∆5,8,11,14-21:4, ∆5,8,11,14-22:4, and ∆5,8,11,14-23:4, which are homologues to arachidonic acid. High levels of cis-vaccenic and arachidonic acids were typical for lipids of all the studied species. At the same time, we observed a substantial difference in FA composition between members of these two genera. Using GC and GC-MS of FAME, pyrrolidide and DMOX derivatives, the structures of 10 new FA were confirmed: ∆4-i-16:1 (1.1-0.6%), ∆7-i-21:1 (0.4%), ∆7-ai-21:1 (0.3-0.8%), ∆4,11-18:2 (0.3-0.9%), ∆4,7-20:2 (8.8%), ∆7,12-20:2 (0.4-0.6%), ∆4,7-21:2 (0.6%), ∆7,12-22:2 (6.4-2.1%); ∆5,8,11,14-22:4 (1.2-2.0%), and ∆5,8,11,14-23:4 (1.7-2.3%). The origin of the new FA and the role of foraminifera FA in deep-sea communities are discussed.

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The fatty-acid composition and nutrition of deep-sea holothurians from the Sea of Okhotsk

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Differences in lipid class and fatty acid composition between wild and cultured sea cucumbers, Apostichopus japonicus , explain modification and deposition of lipids

Differences in lipid class and fatty acid composition between wild and cultured sea cucumbers, Apostichopus japonicus , explain modification and deposition of lipids

Energy transfer in the Congo deep-sea fan: From terrestrially-derived organic matter to chemosynthetic food webs

New and Uncommon Fatty Acids in Lipids of Deep‐Sea Foraminifera

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